Chapter 2

Question 1

Structural Organization of the Body

Answer 1

cells
tissues
organs
systems

Question 2

Major parts of a cell:

Answer 2

chromosomes
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

Surrounds and protects the cell and also regulates what passes into and out of the cell.

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

Controls the operations of the cell; directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

Question 5

chromosomes

Answer 5

rod-like structures within the nucleus

Question 6

genes

Answer 6

Regions on chromosmes

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid; regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence (arrangement into genes) on each chromosome

Question 8

karyotype

Answer 8

A photograph of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and number.

Question 9

cytoplasm

Answer 9

“Cell formation;” includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane.

Question 10

mitochondria

Answer 10

Small sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

Question 11

catabolism

Answer 11

Chemical process where complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria

Question 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

A network of canals within the cell that manufacture proteins for the cell.

Question 13

anabolism

Answer 13

The process of building long chains for proteins that occurs in the ER.

Question 14

metabolism

Answer 14

the total of the chemical processes (anabolism and catabolism) occurring in a cell.

Question 15

different tissue types

Answer 15

epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
connective tissue
nerve tissue

Question 16

adipose tissue

Answer 16

collection of fat cells

Question 17

cartilage

Answer 17

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.

Question 18

epithelial tissues

Answer 18

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces or organs

Question 19

histologist

Answer 19

specialist in the study of tissues

Question 20

larynx

Answer 20

“voice box”; located at the upper part of the trachea

Question 21

pharynx

Answer 21

throat; serves as the common passageway for food and air

Question 22

pituitary gland

Answer 22

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 23

thyroid gland

Answer 23

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 24

ureter

Answer 24

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 25

urethra

Answer 25

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 26

uterus

Answer 26

the womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 27

viscera

Answer 27

internal organs

Question 28

Cranial body cavities and organs

Answer 28

brain

Question 29

Thoracic body cavities and organs

Answer 29

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta, pleural cavity, mediastinum

Question 30

Abdominal body cavities and organs

Answer 30

stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, peritoneum

Question 31

Pelvic body cavities and organs

Answer 31

portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters, uterus, and vagina in female

Question 32

Spinal body cavities and organs

Answer 32

nerves of the spinal cord

Question 33

diaphragm

Answer 33

muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 34

peritoneum

Answer 34

surrounds abdomical viscera

Question 35

pleura

Answer 35

covers the lungs

Question 36

periosteum

Answer 36

protects bones

Question 37

abdominopelvic regions

Answer 37

hypochondriac- right and left upper regions beneath the ribs epigastric- middle upper region above the stomach lumbar- right and left middle regions near the waist umbilical- central region near the navel inguinal- right and left lower regions near the groin (aka iliac regions) hypogastric- middle lower region below the umbilical region