Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

How is matter classified?

Answer 2

Matter is classified by the kinds of particles of protons, the neutrons, and their arrangement. The modern particle model of matter states that atoms are the “building blocks” of matter

Question 3

What’s the evidence of the particle model of matter?

Answer 3

Evidence of the particle model of matter include the solution process, Brownian motion, and diffusion

Question 4

What does the kinetic-molecular theory of matter state?

Answer 4

The kinetic-molecular theory of matter states that all matter made of extremely tiny particles in constant motion

Question 5

What does the atom consist of?

Answer 5

The atom consists of protons, electrons, and usually neutrons

Question 6

Explain protons, neutrons and electrons

Answer 6

Neutrons and protons made in the nucleus and electrons fill the spherical volume of space around the nucleus like a cloud

Question 7

Atoms

Answer 7

Bond together to form molecules and the “building blocks” of matter

Question 8

What can both atoms and molecules have?

Answer 8

An electoral charge, produced when their numbers of protons and electrons are not equal. These charged particles are called ions

Question 9

What can matter occur as?

Answer 9

Pure substance and mixtures

Question 10

Pure substance

Answer 10

Are elements or compounds

Question 11

Element

Answer 11

Consists of only one kind of atom

Question 12

Compound

Answer 12

Consist of combinations of two or more kinds of atoms

Question 13

What can mixtures be?

Answer 13

Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous combinations of pure substance or mixtures

Question 14

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 14

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 15

What is the physical state of a substance?

Answer 15

Directly related to its temperature, all other environmental factors being the same

Question 16

Solids

Answer 16

Have a definite shape and volume. Most are rigid and incompressible

Question 17

Liquids

Answer 17

Have a definite volume but take their shape their container. They are relatively incompatible, but they can flow

Question 18

Gas

Answer 18

Have no definite shape and highly compressible. They have no definite volume and can flow

Question 19

Why are liquid and gas a fluid?

Answer 19

They can flow and be poured

Question 20

Physical properties

Answer 20

Can be observed or measured without altering the kind of matter being studied. How a substance changes to the presence of other substances reveals its chemical properties

Question 21

Physical change

Answer 21

Alter the size, shape, state or appearance of a substance without changing its composition. Chemical changes occurs when atoms of different elements are rearranged and combine in different ways

Question 22

law of the conservation of matter

Answer 22

In any physical or chemical change, the amount of matter that enters a process equals the amount of matter after the change

Question 23

Nuclear change

Answer 23

Produce atoms totally different from the original atoms

Question 24

Melting

Answer 24

The change from a solid or liquid state

Question 25

Freezing

Answer 25

The opposite process, those changes take place at the melting-freezing point, which is the same temperature

Question 26

Liquid vaporize becomes what?

Answer 26

A gas or vapor

Question 27

Boiling

Answer 27

When a liquid’s temperature increases to the point that it rapidly changes to a gas, vapor bubbles form within the liquid that rise to the surface and break

Question 28

Evaporation

Answer 28

Vaporization that occurs when the liquid’s temperature is below its boiling point

Question 29

Sublimation

Answer 29

the change of state from a solid directly to a vapor at temperatures below the melting point of a substance

Question 30

Condensation

Answer 30

occurs when thermal energy is lost from a vapor through cooling