Chapter 2

Question 1

Hereditary

Answer 1

the transmission of traits and characteristics from parent to child by means of genes

Question 2

Genetic

Answer 2

The branch of biology that studies heredity

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

The basic unit of heredity. Genes are composed of deosyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 4

Polygenic

Answer 4

Resulting from many genes

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Genetic material that takes the form of a double helix made up of phosphates sugars and bases

Question 6

zgote

Answer 6

a new cell formed from the union of a sperm an ovum (egg cell) a fertilized egg

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

The form of cell division in which each chromosome splits length wise to double in number. Half of each chromosome combines with chemicals to retake its original form and then moves forward

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

A sudden variation in a heritable characteristic such as by an accident that affects the composition of genes

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

The form of cell division in which each pair of chromosomes splits so that one member of each moves to the new cell. As a result each new cell has 23 chromosomes

Question 10

Autosome

Answer 10

a member of a pair of chromosomes (with the exception of sex chromosomes)

Question 11

sex chromosome

Answer 11

a chromosome in the shape of a Y (male and X (female. that determines the sex of a child

Question 12

Monozygotic twins

Answer 12

twins that derive from a single zygote that has split into two identical twins. Each MZ twin carries the same genetic code

Question 13

Dizygotic Twins (DZ)

Answer 13

Twinsthat derive from two zygotes fraternal twins

Question 14

Ovulation

Answer 14

the release of an ovum from an ovary

Question 15

allelea

Answer 15

a MEMBER OF A PAIR OF GENES

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

Having two different alleles

Question 17

Heterozygous

Answer 17

having two different alleles

Question 18

dominant trait

Answer 18

A trait that is expressed

Question 19

Recessive Trait

Answer 19

A trait that is not expressed when the gene or genes involved have been paired with dominant genes. Recessive traits are transmitted to future generations and expressed if they are paired with other recessive genes

Question 20

Carrier

Answer 20

A person who carries and transmits characteristics but does not exhibit them

Question 21

multifactorial problems

Answer 21

Problems that stem from the interaction of heredity and environmental factors

Question 22

Down Syndrome

Answer 22

A chromosomal abnormality characterized by mental retardation and caused by an extra chromosome in the 21st pair

Question 23

sex linked chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 23

abnormalities that are transmitted from generation to generation carried by a sex chromosome usually an X sex chromosome

Question 24

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 24

a chromosomal disorder found among males that is caused by an extra X sex chromosome and thjat is characterized by infertility and mild mental retardation

Question 25

Testosterone

Answer 25

a male sex hormone produced by manily by the testes

Question 26

Turner Syndrome

Answer 26

A chromosomal disorder found among females that is caused by having a single X sex chromosome and that is characterized by infertility

Question 27

estrogen

Answer 27

a female sex hormone produced maily by the ovaries

Question 28

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 28

a genetic abnormality in which phenylalanine builds up and causes intellectual disability

Question 29

Huntington Disease

Answer 29

A fatal genetic neurological disorder whose onset is in the middle age

Question 30

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 30

A genetic disorder that decreases the bloods capacity to carry oxygen

Question 31

Tay Sachs disease

Answer 31

a fatal genetic neurological disorder

Question 32

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 32

A fatal genetic disorder in which mucus obstructs the lungs and pancreas

Question 33

hemophilia

Answer 33

A genetic disorder in which blood does not clot properly

Question 34

sex linked genetic abnormalties

Answer 34

abnormalities resulting from genes that are found on the x sex chromosome

Question 35

alpha fetoproten assay

Answer 35

a blood test that asses the mothers blood level of alphafetoprotein a substance that is linked with fetal neural tube defects

Question 36

canalization

Answer 36

the tendency of growth rates to return to genetically determined patterns after undergoing environmentally induced change

Question 37

Reaction range

Answer 37

the variability in the expression of inherited traits as they are influenced by environmental factors

Question 38

Phenotype

Answer 38

the actual form or consitution of a person as determined by heredity and environmental factors