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PSY 100 Tophat > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Archival research

A

Method of research using past records or data sets to answer various research questions, or to search for interesting patterns or relationships

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2
Q

Attrition

A

Reduction in numbers of research participants have some drop out of the study overtime

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3
Q

Cause and Effect Relationship

A

Changes in one variable causes the changes in of their variable; can be determined only through an experimental research design

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4
Q

Clinical or Case Study

A

Observational research study focusing on one or a few people

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5
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Tendency to ignore evidence that this proves ideas or beliefs

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6
Q

Confounding variable

A

Unanticipated outside factor that affects both variables of interest, often giving the false impression that changes in one variable causes of the changes in the other bearable, when, in actuality, the outside factor causes changes in both parables

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7
Q

Control group

A

Serves as a basis for comparison and controls for chance factors that might influence the results of study-by holding such factors constant across groups so that the experimental manipulation is the only difference between groups

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8
Q

Correlation

A

Relationship between two or more variables; went to variables are correlated, one variable changes as the other does

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9
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Number from -12 positive one, indicating the strength and direction of the relationship between variables, and usually represented by R

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10
Q

Cross-sectional research

A

Compares multiple segments of the population as single time

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11
Q

Debriefing

A

When in a experiment involved deception, participants are told complete and truthful information about the experiment at its conclusion

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12
Q

Deception

A

Purposely misleading experiment participants in order to maintain the integrity of the experiment

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13
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Results are predicted based on a general premise

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14
Q

Dependent variable

A

Terrible that the researcher measures to see how much affect the independent variable had

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15
Q

Double-blind study

A

Experiment in which both researchers in the participants are blinded to the group assignments

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16
Q

Empirical

A

Grounded in objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again, regardless of who is observing

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17
Q

Experimental group

A

Group design to answer the research question; experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups in, so any difference between the two are due to experimental manipulation rather than chance

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18
Q

Experimenter Bias

A

Researcher expectation skew the results of the study

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19
Q

Fact

A

Objective and verifiable observation, established using evidence collected through empirical research

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20
Q

Falsifiable

A

Able to be disproven by experimental results

21
Q

Generalize

A

Inferring that the results for a sample apply to a larger population

22
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables

23
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

Seeing relationships between two things when in reality no such relationship exists

24
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable that is influenced or controlled by the experimenter; and I sound experimental study, the independent variable is the only important difference between the experimental and control group

25
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Conclusions are drawn from observations

26
Q

Informed Consent

A

Process of informing a research participant about what to expect during an experiment, any risks involved, and the implications of the research, and then obtaining of the person’s consent to participate

27
Q

Institutional animal care and use committee

A

Committee of administrators, scientists, veterinarians, and the community members that review proposals for research involving human participants

28
Q

Institutional review board

A

Committee of administrators, scientist, and the community members that review proposals for research involving human participants

29
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

Measure of agreement among observers on how the recording classify particular event

30
Q

Longitudinal research

A

Studies in which the same group of individuals it surveyed or measured repeatedly over an extended period of time

31
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Observation of behavior in its natural setting

32
Q

Negative correlation

A

Two variables change in different directions, with one becoming larger as the other become smaller; a negative correlation is not the same thing as no correlation

33
Q

Observer bias

A

When observations may be skewed to align with observer expectations

34
Q

Operational definition

A

Description of what actions and operations will be used to measure the dependent variable is in manipulate the independent variable’s

35
Q

Opinion

A

Personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate

36
Q

Participants

A

Subjects of psychological research

37
Q

Peer-reviewed journal article

A

Article read by several other scientists with expertise in the subject matter, who provide feedback regarding the quality of the manuscript before it is excepted for publication

38
Q

Placebo effect

A

Peoples expectations or believes and influencing or determining their experience in a given situation

39
Q

Population

A

Overall group of individuals that the researchers are interested in

40
Q

Positive correlation

A

Method of experimental group assignment in which all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either group

41
Q

Random sample

A

Subset of a larger population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

42
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency and reproducibility of a given result

43
Q

Replicate

A

Repeating an experiment using different samples to determine the research’s reliability

44
Q

Sample

A

Subset of individuals selected from a larger population

45
Q

Single-blind study

A

Experiment in which the researcher knows which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group

46
Q

Statistical analysis

A

Determines how likely any difference between experimental group is due to chance

47
Q

Survey

A

List of questions to be answered by research participants-given as paper and pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally-allowing researchers to collect data from a large number of people

48
Q

Theory

A

Well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena

49
Q

Validity

A

Accuracy of a given result in measuring what it is designed to measure

PSY 100 Tophat (2 decks)

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