Chapter 2

Question 1

First Law of Geography

Answer 1

All things are related but closer things are more related than things farther away

Question 2

Philosophy dealing with experience and facts, not theories

Answer 2

Empiricism

Question 3

Philosophy dealing with facts, objectivity, repetition of experiments and scientific method

Answer 3

Positivism

Question 4

Philosophy that humans are individual decision makers and are subjective

Answer 4

Humanism

Question 5

To do practical activities

Answer 5

Pragmatism

Question 6

“Empathetic understanding of the lived worlds of individual humans”

Answer 6

Phenomenology

Question 7

Philosophy of “mode of production is key to understanding society”

Answer 7

Marxism

Question 8

“Social relations where society organizes productive activity” (ex. Slavery, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, etc)

Answer 8

Mode of Production

Question 9

“The political, legal, and social systems of a (Marxist) society”

Answer 9

Superstructure

Question 10

Philosophy of securing equal rights for women

Answer 10

feminism

Question 11

The idea that all concepts are socially produced and dynamic

Answer 11

Constructionism

Question 12

Philosophy that reality cannot be studied objectively, so there may be multiple interpretations of reality

Answer 12

Post-Modernism

Question 13

An approach focusing on individual phenomenon

Answer 13

Idiographic Approach

Question 14

An approach focusing on universal phenomenon

Answer 14

Nomothetic Approach

Question 15

An area on the Earth’s surface; a container

Answer 15

Space

Question 16

A specific position within space

Answer 16

Location

Question 17

“The local characteristics of a location”

Answer 17

Site

Question 18

“A location relative to others”

Answer 18

Situation

Question 19

A location with values associated with it

Answer 19

Place

Question 20

“Attachments to locations with personal significance”

Answer 20

Sense of Place

Question 21

Landscape esteemed for religious reasons

Answer 21

Sacred Space

Question 22

“Homogeneous and standardized landscapes”

Answer 22

Placelessness

Question 23

The love of a place

Answer 23

Topophilia

Question 24

The dislike of a place

Answer 24

Topophobia

Question 25

When each location is assigned a region

Answer 25

Regionalization

Question 26

An area brought together by a specific characteristic

Answer 26

Formal (Uniform) Region

Question 27

An area with locations related to each other

Answer 27

Functional (Nodal) Region

Question 28

Regions perceived to exist by people either within or outside of them

Answer 28

Vernacular Regions

Question 29

The space between locations

Answer 29

Distance

Question 30

The pattern of which geographic facts are disbursed (clustered, uniform, random)

Answer 30

Distribution

Question 31

More distance = less interaction

Answer 31

Distance Decay (or "effect of distance" or "friction of distance")

Question 32

The ease of getting from one location to another

Answer 32

Accessibility

Question 33

Conducting business (of any kind) with another location

Answer 33

Interaction

Question 34

Locations in close proximity to each other

Answer 34

Agglomeration

Question 35

Locations in far proximity to each other

Answer 35

Deglomeration

Question 36

Three types of distance

Answer 36

1. Physical Distance 2. Time Distance 3. Economic Distance

Question 37

Improvements in transportation and technology makes distance less important

Answer 37

Time/Space Convergence

Question 38

Analyzing what is missing from a map

Answer 38

Lacunae Lapses

Question 39

Three types of scale

Answer 39

1. spatial scale 2. temporal scale (time/space) 3. social scale

Question 40

"the spread of phenomenon over space and its growth in time"

Answer 40

Diffusion

Question 41

Diffusion to those near the origin

Answer 41

Neighborhood Effect

Question 42

Diffusion to larger centres then to smaller ones

Answer 42

Hierarchical Effect

Question 43

Diffusion slowly at first, then very rapidly

Answer 43

S-Shaped Curve

Question 44

"the process in which humans acquire information about their physical and social environments"

Answer 44

Perception

Question 45

"the perception of reality" by someone

Answer 45

Images

Question 46

Individual perception of space

Answer 46

Mental Map

Question 47

Change over time (economic growth, social welfare, and modernization)

Answer 47

Development

Question 48

The science of map-making

Answer 48

Cartography

Question 49

A map that uses shading relative to density

Answer 49

Choropleth Map

Question 50

A map that uses lines to show equal value

Answer 50

Isopleth Map

Question 51

To represent earthly positions on a flat surface

Answer 51

Projection

Question 52

Digital Mapping

Answer 52

Computer-Assisted Cartography

Question 53

"a computer-based tool that combines storage, display, analysis, and mapping of spatially referenced data"

Answer 53

Geographic Informations Systems (GIS)

Question 54

In GIS, a method that describes data as points, lines and areas

Answer 54

Vector Approach

Question 55

In GIS, a method that uses pixels and describes their content

Answer 55

Raster Method

Question 56

Obtaining information from a distance (ex. satellites)

Answer 56

Remote Sensing

Question 57

Research on attitudes, behaviours, and personal observation

Answer 57

Qualitative Study

Question 58

Objective research and reasoning

Answer 58

Quantitative Study

Question 59

Three types of projections

Answer 59

1. Cylinder 2. Cone 3. Plane

Question 60

Conformal Map

Answer 60

Shapes are preserved but size and area are distorted

Question 61

Equal Area Map

Answer 61

Area and size are preserved but shape is distorted

Question 62

Equidistance Map

Answer 62

Preserves distance from a point

Question 63

Azimuthal Map

Answer 63

Preserves direction from a point