Chapter 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
The _____ system is an electrochemical system of communication in the body.
Nervous
The study of how the brain and nervous system affect mental processes and behavior
Neuroscience
Cells in the nervous system that transmit information
Neurons
Brain cells that provide important support functions for the neurons and are involved in the formation of myelin
Glia cells
A fatty, waxy substance that insulates portions of some neurons in the nervous system.
Myelin
The part of the neuron that contains the nucleons and DNA
Cell body
The connection formed between two neurons when the axon bulb of one neuron comes into close proximity with the dendrite of another neuron
Synapse
A neurotransmitter that plays a role in movement, motivation, learning, and attention
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter that plays a role in many different behaviors, including sleep, arousal, mood, eating, and pain perception.
Serotonin
Excites skeletal muscles; inhibits heart action; memory.
Acetylcholine
Sleep; arousal; mood
Norepinephrine
Chief inhibitor; regulates arousal
GABA
Chief excitatory neurotransmitter; many diverse functions
Glutamate
Suppression of pain; eating; cardiovascular functioning
Endorphins
Related disease: Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, substance abuse.
Dopamine
Related disease is Alzheimer’s
Acetylcholine
Anxiety disorders, some seizure disorders
GABA
Primitive part of brain that comprises the medulla, pond, and cerebellum
Hindbrain
The brain structures, including the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex, that govern higher-order mental processes
Forebrain
The brain structure that connects the hindbrain with the forebrain.
Midbrain
A part of the hindbrain that controls basic, life-sustaining functions such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Medulla
A hindbrain structure that plays a roles in respiration, consciousness, sleep, dreaming, facial movement, sensory processes, and the transmission of neural signals from one part of the brain to another
Pons
Necessary for balance, muscle tone, and the performance of motor skills.
Cerebellum
Plays role in emotions such as fear and aggression
Amygdala
