Chapter 2

Question 1

What was the Australian Dietary Guidelines made for?

Answer 1

To guide & promote good health and nutrition - reduce diet related disease

Question 2

What’s the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating

Answer 2

Practical, pictorial guide for food selection

Question 3

Discretionary food

Answer 3

Food that does not provide necessary nutrients

Question 4

Energy

Answer 4

Necessary for metabolic, physiological, muscular, heat, growth, new tissues

Question 5

Energy Dense Food

Answer 5

High in energy - usually fat & sugar

Question 6

Food Allergy

Answer 6

Abnormal immunological reaction to food by foreign substance in bloodstream - antibody is produced to fight it - some foods can be more severe

Question 7

Food Intolerance

Answer 7

Chemical reaction - not an immunal response - not true allergy

Question 8

Kilojule

Answer 8

unit for measuring energy intake/expenditure

Question 9

Lifestyle Disease

Answer 9

Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, CVD

Question 10

Obesity

Answer 10

Carrying excess body weight in the form of fat

Question 11

Diet Related or Lifestyle Diseases

Answer 11

Poor nutrition / ill-health - from the diet’s health from energy dense foods

Question 12

Australian Dietary Guideline

Answer 12

Federal Government replaced Health and Nutrition Policy in 1992. Encourages consumption of the right foods

Question 13

Guideline 1

Answer 13

Achieve & maintain a healthy weight, be physically active, choose right amount for energy needs

Question 14

Guideline 2

Answer 14

Wide variety of nutritious foods

Question 15

Guideline 3

Answer 15

Limit saturated fats, added salts, sugars, alcohol

Question 16

Guideline 4

Answer 16

Encourage, promote, support breastfeeding

Question 17

Guideline 5

Answer 17

Care, store, prepare food safely

Question 18

BMR

Answer 18

Energy required for body’s function

Question 19

Everyone needs nutrients for…

Answer 19

Growth and repair of body tissue, energy production, maintain body processes & disease prevention

Question 20

What is energy needed for in infancy (0-2)

Answer 20

Their rapid growth, high nutrition needs. Small bodies so little food necessary

Question 21

What kinds of nutrients do infants (0-2) need & for what

Answer 21

Energy, protein, calcium for growing bones & soft tissues

Question 22

What is energy needed for Childhood (2-11)

Answer 22

weight & height increase so gradual increase in nutrition

Question 23

What kinds of nutrients do children need

Answer 23

Nutritional needs vary and depend on activity levels

Question 24

What is energy needed for in Adolescence (13-19)

Answer 24

Rapid growth, wide variety of nutrient dense foods for growth and active lifestyle

Question 25

What kinds of nutrients do Adolescents need

Answer 25

Calcium (achieve peak bone mass), energy, protein, vitamins and minerals

Question 26

What is energy needed for in Adulthood (20+)

Answer 26

Well balanced diets, maintenance & repair of body tissues

Question 27

What kinds of nutrients do Adults need

Answer 27

Protein, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, calcium for women in menopause

Question 28

What is energy needed for in Pregnancy

Answer 28

Foetal and maternal tissues (placenta, breast tissue), Iron, vitamin B & C (increased blood supply), Calcium (bone growth and foetus teeth)

Question 29

What kinds of food should Pregnant women consume

Answer 29

Cereals such as wholegrains (6 serves increased to 8.5), Proteins (2.5-3.5)

Question 30

What is energy needed for in Late Adulthood

Answer 30

Reduced energy amounts (15-20%), nutrient dense not energy dense

Question 31

What kinds of nutrients do Late Adults need

Answer 31

Protein, vitamins, minerals, Low GI carbs for growth, repairs, maintaining body systems

Question 32

Sedentary Activity examples

Answer 32

Sitting, laying down, using little energy

Question 33

Light Activity examples

Answer 33

Walking around, leisurely walks

Question 34

Moderate Activity examples

Answer 34

Requires some effort, gentle swimming, brisk walking

Question 35

Vigorous Activity examples

Answer 35

Jogging, aerobics, football

Question 36

Common examples of allergy foods

Answer 36

Shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, dairy foods

Question 37

Symptoms of allergies

Answer 37

Anaphylactic shock, hives, rashes, asthma, stomach pain, diarrhoea

Question 38

Examples of Intolerances

Answer 38

Milk, wheat, mint, garlic, pineapple

Question 39

Symptoms of Intolerances

Answer 39

Can take up to 48 hours, skin rashes, hives, bloating, diarrhoea, migraines - Decreases as quantity of food decreases

Question 40

Why would some people have intolerances

Answer 40

May lack or be unable to produce enzyme needed to digest, commonly gluten or lactose

Question 41

What causes coeliac disease

Answer 41

Small intestine (absorbing nutrients) - lining of small intestine is damaged by gluten. Unable to absorb the protein gluten. Villi is inflamed/damaged then unable absorb other nutrients

Question 42

Alternatives for people with coeliac's disease

Answer 42

Polenta, corn flour, rice flour, potato flour

Question 43

What causes Lactose Intolerances

Answer 43

Body cannot break down enzyme lactase. Then not absorbed by the body & passes through colon unchanged. Lactose ferments and bacteria grows - diarrhoea & abdominal pain caused

Question 44

What does FODMAP stand for?

Answer 44

Fermentable, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, Polyols

Question 45

What is FODMAP used to decribe

Answer 45

Short chain carbs (Fructose, Lactose, Galactans, Polyols) may be absorbed in the small intestines

Question 46

What has high FODMAP

Answer 46

Asparagus, beetroot, onions, lentils, milk, apple, cherries

Question 47

Syptoms of FODMAP

Answer 47

Irritable Bowel Syndrome