Chapter 2 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Define scientific method
A systematic organized series of steps that ensure maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem.
List the steps in the scientific method
Define the problem, review the literature, formulate a testable hypothesis, collect and analyze data, and develop the conclusion.
Define variable
A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions.
Define operational definition
Transformation of an abstract concept into indicators that are observable and measurable.
Define hypothesis
A testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
Define causal logic
A relationship exists between variables in which changes in one brings about change in the other.
Define independent variable
The variable in a causal relationship that causes or influences a change in a second variable.
Define dependent variable
The variable in a causal relationship that is subject to the influence of another variable.
Define correlation
A relationship between two variables in which a change in one coincides with a change in the other.
Define sample
A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population.
Define random sample
A sample for which every member of an entire population has an equal chance of being selected.
Define validity
The degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study.
Define reliability
The extent to which a measure produces consistent results.
Define control variable
A factor that is held constant to test the relative impact of an independent variable.
Define research design
A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
Define survey
A study, generally in the form of an interview or questionnaire, that provides researchers with information about how people think and act.
Define interview
A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information.
Define questionnaire
A printed, written, or computerized form used to obtain information from a respondent.
Define quantitative research
Research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form.
Define mean
A number calculate by adding a series of values and then dividing by the number of values.
Define median
The midpoint, or number that divides a series of values into two groups of equal numbers of values.
Define mode
The single most common value in a series of scores.
Define qualitative research
Research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data.
Define observation
A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation and/or by closely watching a group or community.
