Chapter 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
How does blood carry oxygen?
Blood carries oxygen via hemoglobin, an iron containing protein that has the capacity to bind between one and four oxygen molecules.
What is partial pressure?
Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by one gas in a mixture of gasses.
What can decrease the amount of oxygen saturation in a person’s hemoglobin (blood)?
A decrease in body temperature and hi blood PH (alkolosis)
What can increase the amount of of oxygen saturation in a person’s hemoglobin (blood)?
An increase in core body temperature and blood with low PH (acidic).
What is the cycle of electrical stimulation that causes the heart to beat?
- The SA node generates an electrical impulse that spreads across the atrium.
- The Atrioventricular node receives the impulse and continues to sent the impulse to the lower left and right bundle branches of the ventricles.
- The Purkinje systemreceive the impulse, then stimulate contraction of the ventricles.
Where does deoxygenated (venous) blood travel to in order to get to the right atrium and ventricle?
The inferior vena cavae returns blood from the trunk and lower extremities while the superior vena cavae returns blood from the heasd and upper extremities.
What tool is used to record the electrical activity of the heart?
An electrocardiogram (ECG)
What is the term used to describe the impedance of blood flow in the entire systemic circulation called?
Total Peripheral Resistance
What are periods of cardiac relaxation termed?
diastole
What are periods of cardiac contraction termed?
systole
What is systolic blood pressure (SBP)?
The pressure that is exerted against the arterial walls during ventricular contraction (systole).
What is rate pressure product (RPP)?
The estimated work of the heart?
What is the formula for RPP?
RPP = SBP x HR
What is diastolic blood pressure?
The pressure exerted against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected through the vessel.
What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
The mean blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle?
What is the formula for MAP?
MAP = DBP + [.333 x (SBP - DBP)]
What is cardiac output (Q)?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
What is the formula for cardiac output?
Q = SV x HR
or
Q = (EDV - ESV) x HR
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood ejected per heartbeat
What is the formula for stroke volume?
SV = EDV (end diastolic volume) x ESV (end systolic volume)
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
In the alveoli of the lungs
Which muscles are involved in inspiration during exercise?
- scalene
- external intercostal muscles
- sternocleidomastoid
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
What is the movement of gas across a cell membrane called?
diffusion
What is VO2
VO2 is the amount of oxygen used by the tissues of the body (oxygen consumption/oxygen uptake). Typically, it is related to the ability of the heart to transport oxygen via blood to the tissues and the ability of the tissues to extract oxygen.
