Chapter 2 Flashcards by Melissa Reid

Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space & has mass

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Q

Element

A

Substance that can not be broken down by chemical means

92 Elements

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Q

4 elements of life

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen & nitrogen

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Q

Trace elements

A

essential but only found in minute traces

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Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter

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Q

3 subatomic particles

A

protons, electrons, neutrons

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Q

Protons

A

positive

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Q

Electrons

A

negative

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Q

Neutrons

A

neutral

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Q

Change protons

A

Change element

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Q

Change neutrons

A

create isotope

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Q

Change electrons

A

create ion

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Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons

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Q

Atomic Mass

A

amount of mass of element (all particles)

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Q

Mass number

A

Protons + neutrons

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Q

Controls Reactivity of Atom

A

Electrons

Q

Valance electrons

A

electrons in the outer most shell

Q

Radioactive isotope

A

nuclei of isotopes that decay giving off particles & energy

Q

Benefits of radioactive isotope

A

medicine as tracer

Q

Danger of radioactive isotope

A

Damages molecules

Q

Chemical Bonds

A

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Q

Compound

A

2 or more elements in fixed ratio

Q

Ionic bonds

A

taking/donating electrons

carries charge

Q

Covalent bonds

A

shares electrons

Non-polar

shares electrons equally

Polar

not sharing electrons equally

Hydrogen bonds

weak bonds

Properties of water

cohesion, adhesion

Cohesion

ability to stick together

Adhesion

ability to stick to other polar molecules

Liquid

break and reform

Solid

expand and solidify

Solvent

dissolving agent

Solute

item being dissolved

Solution

solute and solvent

PH

unequal concentration of ions

more H+

acidic

more OH

basic

Buffer

a substance that minimizes changes in ph