Chapter 2

Question 1

Capsid

Answer 1

Protein coat of the virus

Question 2

Capsomeres

Answer 2

Subunits that compose the capsid

Question 3

Envelope

Answer 3

Host derived lipid bilayer carrying glycoproteins

Question 4

Nucleocapsid

Answer 4

Capsid and nuclear material without the envelope

Question 5

Virion

Answer 5

Infectious viral particle

Question 6

Enveloped Virus

Answer 6

Nucleocapsid and envelope

Question 7

Un-eneveloped

Answer 7

Capsid and nucleic acids

Question 8

Metastable

Answer 8

Virions are NOT inert structures. They are capable of substantial conformational [or structural] changes without loss of integrity or function during the viral replication cycle

Question 9

Axes of symmetry

Answer 9

5 fold axis [or vertex ], 3 fold axis is called “T” and the 2 fold axis

Question 10

Quasi-equivalent bonding

Answer 10

Not identical but similar

Question 11

Electron Microscopy

Answer 11

How a virus structure is studied

Question 12

Order

Answer 12

Virales

Question 13

Family

Answer 13

Viridae

Question 14

Subfamily

Answer 14

Virinae

Question 15

Genus

Answer 15

Virus

Question 16

Species

Answer 16

Ex: Influenza A,B,C

Question 17

Strains

Answer 17

Ex: H1N1

Question 18

Sero-type

Answer 18

Recognized by a specific antibody type but not by antibodies from a related strain

Question 19

Baltimore Classification

Answer 19

a scheme based on the nature of the nucleic acids of viral genomes and protein expression

Question 20

DNA polymerase

Answer 20

The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides

Question 21

RNA polymerase

Answer 21

Enzyme that produces RNA, generally from DNA

Question 22

Transcriptase

Answer 22

Viruses can produce RNA from RNA genomes using RdRp

Question 23

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 23

Viruses can convert RNA to DNA (ex: retroviruses)

Question 24

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 24

The plasma membrane has the consistency of vegetable oil at body temperature [fluid]. Proteins and substances such as cholesterol become embedded in the bilayer [mosaic]. Due to bilayer assembly [model], proteins, ions and other substances are able to move bidirectional without disrupting the cells structure

Question 25

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 25

Endocytotic mechanism in which specific molecules are ingested into the cell

Question 26

Susceptible Cell

Answer 26

Has the receptors required for virus binding

Question 27

Permissive Cell

Answer 27

Has receptors and also other factors (host proteins, enzymes) for productive replication

Question 28

Tissue Tropism

Answer 28

Ability of a virus to infect a specific tissue

Question 29

Transduction

Answer 29

Viruses move DNA from one bacterium to another or foreign DNA is introduced into a bacterium or a mammalian cell via a virus

Question 30

Early Proteins

Answer 30

First to be synthesized, non-structural

Question 31

Late Proteins

Answer 31

Synthesized later in the replication cycle, structural components

Question 32

Phenotypic Mixing

Answer 32

New physical traits could be created by combining DNA from different viral strains

Question 33

Encapsidation

Answer 33

Process of inserting DNA into the phage head

Question 34

Portal Complex

Answer 34

Channel through which DNA enters and exits via ATP hydrolysis

Question 35

Release

Answer 35

During late infection, phages produce lysozyme, a lytic enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls

Question 36

Lytic Bacteriophages

Answer 36

Have a lytic life cycle of break open host cells

Question 37

Lysogenic Phages

Answer 37

Do not lyse host cells. Integrate DNA into host cells choromosome and replicate every time the host cell replicates

Question 38

Temperate Bacteriophages

Answer 38

Combination of lytic and lysogenic