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Anatomy Exam 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

element

A

simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

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2
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in its nucleus

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3
Q

6 elements make up 98.5% of body weight

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus

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4
Q

minerals

A

inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passes up food chain to humans

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5
Q

electrolytes

A

mineral salts needed for nerve and muscle function

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6
Q

nucleus

A

center of atom

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7
Q

protons

A

single positive charge

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8
Q

neutrons

A

no charge

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9
Q

electrons

A

single negative charge

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10
Q

Isotopes

A

differ only in the number of neutrons

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11
Q

radioisotopes

A

unstable isotopes that decay and give off radition

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12
Q

ionizing

A

can cause genetic mutations and cancer

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13
Q

physical half life

A

decay

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14
Q

biological half life

A

disappear from the body

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15
Q

sivert (Sv)

A

unit of radiation dosage

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16
Q

Madame Curie

A
  • 1st Nobel prize of woman

- first women in world to get Ph.D.

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17
Q

ions

A

charged particle (atoms or molecule) with unequal number of protons and electrons

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18
Q

ionization

A

transfer of electrons from one atom to another

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19
Q

anion

A
  • gains electrons

- negative charge

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20
Q

cation

A
  • loses electrons

- positive charge

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21
Q

electrolytes

A

substances that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electric current

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22
Q

free radicals

A
  • short lived particles with an unusual number of electrons

- can cause cancer death of heart tissue and aging

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23
Q

antioxidants

A

neutralize free radicals

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24
Q

molecule

A

chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond

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25
compound
molecule composed of two or more different elements
26
molecular formula
identifies constituent elements and how many atoms of each are present
27
structural formula
identifies location of each atom
28
isomers
different arrangement
29
molecular weight
sum of atomic weights of its atoms
30
chemical bond
holds atoms together within a molecule or attract one molecule to another
31
most important chemical bonds
ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der walls forces
32
ionic bonds
- strongest of all bonds | - attractions between anions and cations
33
single covalent bonds
one pair of electrons shared | one from each atom
34
double covalent bonds
two pairs of electrons are shared
35
non polar bonds
electrons shared equally (strongest bond)
36
polar bond
electrons shared unequally (spend more time near oxygen)
37
hydrogen bond
a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another
38
Van der Waals forces
- weak brief attractions between neutral atoms - fluctuation in electron density within an atom creates polarity for a moments, and attracts adjacent atoms for a very short time
39
mixtures
physically blended but not chemically combined
40
adhesion
tendency of one substance to cling to another
41
cohesion
tendency of like molecules to cling to each other
42
Solutions Collides and Suspension
memorize pic on slide 41
43
Acid
proton doner
44
base
proton acceptor
45
pH
measure derived from the molarity of H+
46
pH of 7.0
neutral
47
pH of less than 7.0
acidic
48
pH of more than 7.0
basic
49
buffers
chemical solution that resists changes in pH
50
decomposition reactions
large molecules break down into two or more smaller molecules AB --> A + B
51
synthesis reactions
two or more small molecules combine to form large one | A + B --> AB
52
exchange reaction
two molecules exchange atoms or group of atoms | AB+CD --> ABCD --> AC+BD
53
reaction rates increase when
- concentrated - temperature rises - catalyst is present
54
Catabolism
- energy releasing decomp reactions
55
anabolism
- energy storing synthesis reactions
56
Lipids when solid
fat
57
lipids when liquid
oil
58
Macromolecule
large molecules high molecular weight
59
polymers
many macromolecules made of reptiles series of identical or similar subunits (monomers_
60
dehydration synthesis
monomers covalently bind together to form a polymer with the removal of water molecule (sweat)
61
hydrolysis
splitting a polymer by the addition of water molecule
62
fatty acids
- saturated have a lot of hydrogen | - unsaturated double bonds between carbons in chain
63
phospholipids
similar to neutral fats except one fatty acid is replaces by a phosphate group
64
amphipathic
- tails = hydrophobic hate water | - head = hydrophilic likes water
65
HDL
good cholesterol
66
LDL
bad cholesterol
67
protein
a polymer of amino acids
68
amino acids
central carbon with three attachments
69
enzymes
speed up chemical reaction
70
molecules
bind together forming enzyme substrate complex
71
reusability of enzymes
enzymes are not consumed by the reactions
72
astonishing speed
one enzyme molecule can consume millions of substrate molecules per minute
73
temperature
ph and other factors can change enzyme shape and function
74
3 components nucleotides
- nitrogenous base - sugar - phosphate groups
75
ATP
- adenine - ribose aka sugar - phosphate groups (3)

Anatomy Exam 1 (2 decks)

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