Chapter 2

Question 1

Argument
Premise
Conclusion
Statement
Proposition

Answer 1

Is a systematic group of statements
Provides evidence and logical support for the main idea 👉🏽
Claimed to follow from the alleged evidence
Is a declarative sentence that has a truth value of true or false
Is the meaning or info content of a statement

Question 2

Logic

Answer 2

Is a philosophical science that evaluates arguments or the art of reasoning

Question 3

Two conditions that must be fulfilled to be Agm passage

Answer 3

A premise defn and a conclusion defn is the answer the two claims malet new the factual claim and inferential claim are the two types

Question 4

Inferential claim

And the two types

Answer 4

Certain kind of reasoning
EXPLICIT. Has indicator words
IMPLICIT doesn’t have indicator words

Question 5

Non arg passage

And the types

Answer 5

Which lack an inferential claim
Warning, Piece of advice, Statement of belief or opinion, Loosely associated statements, report( just states smt doesn’t argue abt anything), expository( elaborates smt), illustration( like a manual), explanation, conditional statement ( if then statement)

Question 6

Two types of conditions that are important in logic

Answer 6

Necessary and sufficient
ASB if A occurs then B occurs when a is all that is needed for b to occur
ANB if B occurs then A occurs when B cannot occur w out the occurrence of A

Question 7

The three factors that differ DED AND IND

Answer 7

The occurrence of special indicator words
The strength of the inferential link bw p and c
Form of argumentation the argues use
Phrases it must be the case that and must are ambiguous

Question 8

Instances of DED

Answer 8

Argument based on:
Mathematics
Definition
Syllogism (Categorical… all, no, some & hypothetical….. 1/2 conditional statement & disjunctive…… either or)

Question 9

Instances of IND

Answer 9

Prediction
Analogy
Generalization 
Authority
Sign
Casual inference
Scientific arg (most of the time but not always)
I is from p to g, d is from g to p based on Aristotle

Question 10

Strong IND

Weak IND

Answer 10

1. If p is t, improbable to be f
2. If p is t, probable to be f
   N.B validity & invalidity and strength & weakness doesn’t depend on the statements being true so it’s indirectly related to truth values

Question 11

Df be sound and cogency

Answer 11

In sound arg it’s only required for both the p to be t but in cogent arg the p must not only be t they must also not ignore some important piece of evidence that outweighs the given evidence and entails a quite df c