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Chapter 2 Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

Started the modern era of chemistry

A

John Dalton

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2
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. Elements are comprised of individually building blocks called atoms.
  2. Compounds are composed of more than one element.
  3. Chemical reactions rearrange atoms in chemical compounds; they do not create or destroy matter (atoms).
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3
Q

Atoms are alike in (1) _______, (2) ________, and (3) ________.

A

(1) size
(2) mass
(3) chemical properties

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4
Q

Law of Definite Proportions

A

elements combine in only one ratio

Example: NaCl, MgBr2, CaO

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5
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

elements can combine in different ratios

Example: CuCl, CuCl2, CuCl3

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6
Q

Most basic unit of an element

A

Atom

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7
Q

Used cathode tube to discover the nature of the electron, led to the “Plum Pudding Model”

A

JJ Thompson

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8
Q

The “Plum Pudding Model” was disproved by which experiment?

A

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

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9
Q

Who proved the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

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10
Q

Cation

A
Lost electrons 
(Resulting charge became more positive. Think: cats have paws)
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11
Q

Anion

A
Gained electrons
(Resulting charge became more negative.)
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12
Q

Isotope

A

same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

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13
Q

Average Atomic Mass

A

masses of the elements are determined by their natural abundances

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14
Q

1 amu = ______________

A

1/12th of a Carbon-12 atom

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15
Q

Ion

A

charged atom or group of atoms

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16
Q

Ionic compounds

A

held together by electrostatic forces

17
Q

Empirical Formula

A

lowest whole number ratio of atoms

18
Q

Molecular Formula

A

ACTUAL formula