Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

What are the states of Matter

Answer 2

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma

Question 3

What is the role of each state of matter

Answer 3

1. Solid - Define shape & Volume
2. Liquid - Defines Volume and changeable shape
3. Gas - Changeable shape and volume.

Question 4

Energy

Answer 4

Capacity to do work or put matter into motion

Question 5

What Types of Energy is there?

Answer 5

2 Types,

1. Kinetic
2. Potential

Question 6

What is the role of each energy

Answer 6

1. Kinetic - Energy in action

2. Potential - Stored inactive energy

Question 7

How many forms of Energy are there?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What are the 4 forms of energy?

Answer 8

1. Chemical energy
2. Electrical energy
3. Mechanical energy
4. Radiant or electromagnetic

Question 9

Chemical Energy

Answer 9

Stored in bonds of chemical substance

Question 10

Electrical Energy

Answer 10

Results from movement of charged particals

Question 11

Mechanical Energy

Answer 11

Directly involved in moving matter

Question 12

Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy

Answer 12

Exhibits wavelike properties (Ex. Visible light, ultraviolet light, and x-rays)

Question 13

Energy Form Conversion

Answer 13

1. Energy may be converted from one form to another

2. Conversion is inefficient because some energy is “lose” as heat

Question 14

Composition if Matter

Answer 14

1. elements
   Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemicals means
   each has unique properties
   Physical properties
   are detectable with our senses, or are measurable
   Chemical properties
   How atoms interact (bone) with one another

Question 15

What is the unique building block for each element

Answer 15

Atoms

Question 16

Atoms

Answer 16

Unique building blocks for each element

Question 17

Atomic symbol

Answer 17

one- or two- letter chemical shorthand for each element

Question 18

Neutrons

Answer 18

No Charge

Mass=1 atomic mass unit

Question 19

Protons

Answer 19

Positive Charge

Mass=1 amu

Question 20

Electrons orbit the nucleus

Answer 20

Equal in number to protons in atoms
Negative Charge
1/2000 the mass of a proton (0 amu)

Question 21

I identifying Elements

Answer 21

Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of subatomic particles
Compare hydrogen helium and carbon.

Question 22

Atomic number

Answer 22

Number of protons in nucleus

Question 23

Mass number

Answer 23

Mass of the protons and neutrons

Mass numbers of atoms of an element are not all identical

Question 24

Isotopes

Answer 24

Are structural variations of elements that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

Question 25

Atomic weight

Answer 25

Average of mass numbers of all isotopes.

Question 26

Radioisotops

Answer 26

Isotopes that spontaneous decay (radioactivity)
Similar chemistry to stable isotopes (Can make the same molecules)
Can be detected with scanner (PET scan)
Valuable tools for biological research and medicine
Cause damage to living tissue: Useful again localized Cancers
Randon from uranium decay causes Lung Cancer.