Chapter 2 Abdominal wall and diaphragm

Question 1

A cavity containing dead tissue and pus that forms due to an infectious process

Answer 1

Abscess

Question 2

Skin discoloration caused by leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues, which often referred to as a bruise

Answer 2

Ecchymosis

Question 3

Redness of the skin due to inflammation

Answer 3

Erythema

Question 4

Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

Answer 4

Linea Alba

Question 5

A congenital defect in the midline abdominal wall that allows abdominal organs, such as bowel and live, to protrude through the wall into the base of the umbilical cord

Answer 5

Omphalocele

Question 6

Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the GI tract that forces food through it

Answer 6

Peristalsis

Question 7

Collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the chest wall and lung

Answer 7

Pneumothorax

Question 8

Layers of flat fibrous sheet composed of strong connective tissue, which serve as tendons to attach muscles to fixed points

Answer 8

Aponeurosis

Question 9

Fibrous tissue network that is richly supplied by blood vessels and nerves located between the skin and underlying structure

Answer 9

Fascia

Question 10

Fluid collection in the pleural cavity

Answer 10

Pleural effusion

Question 11

Anatomical area where vessels can enter and exit the abdominal cavity and is a potential site for hernias

Answer 11

Inguinal canal

Question 12

What transducer is best suited for a sonographic exam of the superficial abdominal wall

Answer 12

12 MHz linear array

Question 13

In order to determine if an abscess is intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal, what structure must the sonographer demonstrate

Answer 13

Peritoneal line

Question 14

What is the most common content in an abdominal wall hernia

Answer 14

Fat

Question 15

What is the most common type of ventral hernia

Answer 15

Umbilical

Question 16

What is the most common benign tumor of the abdominal wall

Answer 16

Lipoma

Question 17

What is another term for pleural effusion

Answer 17

Hydrothorax

Question 18

The ventral cavity is separated by the diaphragm into what 2 cavities

Answer 18

Thoracic and Abdomino pelvic

Question 19

The superficial fascia inferior to the umbilicus is divided into what 2 layers

Answer 19

Camper and Scarpa

Question 20

This fascia is a fatty layer that contains small vessels and nerves

Answer 20

Camper

Question 21

What lines the abdominopelvic cavity and is formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue

Answer 21

Parietal Peritoneum

Question 22

A fibrous compartment that contains the rectus abdomnis, pyramidalis muscle, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves

Answer 22

Rectus Sheath

Question 23

Name the 3 paired muscles that the posterior wall is composed of

Answer 23

Psoas major, Iliacus, and Quadratus Lumborium

Question 24

Sonographically, how is the diaphragm seen in child and adults and as fetuses

Answer 24

Hyperechoic band in children and adults and hypoechoic in fetuses

Question 25

Name the 4 clinical indications of an inflammatory response

Answer 25

Heat, Redness, Pain, and Swelling

Question 26

What is the typical shape of an abcess

Answer 26

Spherical or elliptical

Question 27

What are the 2 main categories of abdominal wall hernais

Answer 27

Ventral and Groin

Question 28

2 complications that can occur with midline hernias include

Answer 28

Strangulation and Incarceration

Question 29

Sonographically, how is a pleural effusion diagnosed

Answer 29

When fluid is visualized superior to the diaphragm

Question 30

The abdomen is divided into how many regions and quadrants

Answer 30

9 regions and 4 quadrants

Question 31

What are the 3 flat, bilaterally paired muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 31

External oblique (most superficial), Internal oblique (middle layer), Transversus abdominis

Question 32

What 3 parts do abdominal wall hernias consist of

Answer 32

The sac, the contents in the sac, and the covering of the sac

Question 33

Which diaphragmatic crura is larger and longer

Answer 33

Right

Question 34

The diaphragm is formed between what weeks of gestation

Answer 34

4th-12th

Question 35

Generally associated with muscular trauma that results in hemorrhage

Answer 35

Hematoma

Question 36

What is the sonographic appearance of the normal visceral peritoneum

Answer 36

Nondistinct or same as surrounding viscera

Question 37

Where does freely mobile fluid primarily drain

Answer 37

Dependent body side

Question 38

Which space or void is considered an anatomically true peritoneal space

Answer 38

Lesser sac (omental bursa)

Question 39

Which channel communicates between the supracolic and infracolic compartments

Answer 39

Paracolic gutters

Question 40

Which ascites is characterized by a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid material derived from cells

Answer 40

Exudative

Question 41

What potential space separates the pancreas from the stomach

Answer 41

Lesser sac

Question 42

When speaking of abdominal parietal spaces, normally it refers to what type of space

Answer 42

Potential

Question 43

Seperation of the liver away from the abdominal wall and bowel may be sign of which pathology

Answer 43

Ascites

Question 44

What extrahepatic anechoic collection of bile is located within the peritoneal cavity

Answer 44

Biloma

Question 45

What term describes thickening of the greater omentum caused by malignant infiltration

Answer 45

Omental caking

Question 46

Which peritoneal space is located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the uterus

Answer 46

Uterovesicle space