Chapter 2: Altered Biology

Question 1

Five types of cellular adaptation

Answer 1

1)atrophy
2)hypertrophy
3)hyperplasia
4)dysplasia
5)metaplasia

Question 2

Number ONE cause of tissue injury

Answer 2

HYPOXIA (ischemia #1 cause)

Question 3

Lead (pb)poisoning: alters what?

Answer 3

Ion status ! Displaces metal enzyme cofactors , ion transport mechanism alteration

Question 4

How does lead affect ca+?

Answer 4

Alters IC CA+ especially bone brain and WBC.
Ca is a critical cell signal carrier, lead moves into bone /teeth and can stay 30 years

Question 5

How does lead affect MG?

Answer 5

Decreased neurotransmission
Inhibits heme synthesis
Decreased cellular energy
(OXIDATIVE STRESS)

Question 6

Sx of lead poisoning

Answer 6

Heart/CV
NERVOUS SYSTEM
REPRODUCTIVE
IMMUNE
ENDOCRINE
KIDNEY/teeth

Question 7

Tx of lead poisoning:

Answer 7

BLL
CHELATION
bowel irrigation
Lyte correction
Seizure control

Question 8

Arsenic poisoning effects:

Answer 8

GI, CV, CNS toxicity
ATP (phosphate) interference
Chronic exposure - hyperpigmentation/keratosis

Question 9

Mercury poisoning causes:

Answer 9

CNS and kidney damage , lipid soluble , like lead affects brain

Question 10

Ethanol effects:

Answer 10

-Depletes mg, b6, thiamine, phosphorus
- vitamin deficiency affects brain/peripheral nerves
-alters folate homeostasis

Question 11

Two types of chemical asphyxia

Answer 11

1)prevent o2 delivery
2) block use

Question 12

Cyanide:

Answer 12

Blocks use (cherry red drum oxyhgb circulating
Bitter almond smell

Question 13

Meth

Answer 13

CNS stimulant , euphoria /high energy
(Agitation, paranoia)
Tweaking: paranoid, 3-15 days w no sleep

Question 14

Cocaine

Answer 14

CNS stimulant (prevents NT reuptake like dopamine, causes euphoria .
NOREPINEPHRINE synthesis causes HTN, tachy, vasoconstriction

Question 15

Heroin

Answer 15

Acts on endorphin receptors

Question 16

Most common degenerative cellular change

Answer 16

Cellular swelling