Chapter 2 - American Experiments, 1521-1700

Question 1

chattel slavery

Answer 1

the practice of enslaving humans and their future generations for life

Question 2

encomienda

Answer 2

a grant by the Spanish crown to conquistadors that allowed them to demand tribute (in labor) and goods from Indians

Question 3

mita

Answer 3

mandatory public service in the Inca Empire

Question 4

Columbian Exchange

Answer 4

the movement of diseases, peoples, and goods across the Atlantic Ocean

Question 5

King Philip II

Answer 5

powerful Catholic ruler of Spain who was determined to eliminate challenges to the Catholic Church

Question 6

King Henry VIII

Answer 6

first English ruler to (subtly) advocate for Protestantism

Question 7

Queen Elizabeth I

Answer 7

English queen who advocated for Protestantism and encouraged exploration, industry, and intellect

Question 8

Sir Francis Drake

Answer 8

under Elizabeth, the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe

Question 9

outwork industry

Answer 9

industry where merchants buy supplies and send them to be manufactured by another source

Question 10

mercantilism

Answer 10

state-sponsored manufacturing

Question 11

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 11

led three expeditions to North Carolina and helped settle the Roanoke colony

Question 12

Roanoke Island

Answer 12

the “lost colony” where 117 settlers were left unsupplied for several years and disappeared

Question 13

King James I

Answer 13

English ruler who granted the Virginia Company land in America

Question 14

Virginia Company

Answer 14

a joint-stock company that settled Jamestown

Question 15

Jamestown

Answer 15

early colony in Virginia, settled by the Virginia Company

Question 16

Powhatan

Answer 16

a powerful chief who intended to maintain peaceful relations with Jamestown settlers, given that they paid tribute and became a community within his chiefdom

Question 17

John Rolfe

Answer 17

English colonist who married Pocahontas

Question 18

Pocahontas

Answer 18

daughter of Chief Powhatan who interacted with and defended the early colonists of Virginia

Question 19

House of Burgesses

Answer 19

first legislative body in the colonies; could make laws and levy taxes

Question 20

Opechancanough

Answer 20

Powhatan’s successor; led initial assault in the Indian War of 1622

Question 21

royal colony

Answer 21

colonies ruled by a monarch-appointed governor

Question 22

King Charles I

Answer 22

English ruler who was secretly sympathetic of Catholics; granted Lord Baltimore lands around Chesapeake Bay to create a refuge for Catholics

Question 23

Lord Baltimore

Answer 23

founded of Maryland colony and namesake of Baltimore, Maryland

Question 24

Toleration Act

Answer 24

passed by Lord Baltimore; granted Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services

Question 25

tobacco

Answer 25

plant native to the Americas that originally went for a high price in England and offered the colonists a source of income and reason for expansion

Question 26

freehold

Answer 26

a farm of 30 to 50 acres owned and farmed by families or male partners

Question 27

headright system

Answer 27

Virginian system that guaranteed 50 acres of land to anyone who paid the passage of a new immigrant to the colony

Question 28

indentured servitude

Answer 28

a labor system where contracted workers were bound to their masters for a given number of years before they were free to marry and work for themselves

Question 29

Jacques Cartier

Answer 29

ventured up the St. Lawrence River and claimed it for France

Question 30

Beaver Wars

Answer 30

a series of Iroquois campaigns to accumulate power in their regioin

Question 31

Pilgrims

Answer 31

a group of Puritans who came to Plymouth via the Mayflower

Question 32

Puritans

Answer 32

Protestants who did not separate from the Church of England but hoped to purify it of its ceremony and hierarchy

Question 33

John Winthrop

Answer 33

first governor of Massachusetts colony who hoped to inspire Christian reform and attracted thousands of new colonists

Question 34

joint-stock corporation

Answer 34

a commercial agreement that allows investors to pool their resources

Question 35

toleration

Answer 35

the willingness to accept other belief systems and practices

Question 36

Roger Williams

Answer 36

Puritan minister who advocated tolerance and was banished from Massachusetts Bay to establish Rhode Island

Question 37

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 37

wife of a merchant who controversially believed that God revealed divine truth to certain believers; was banished from Massachusetts Bay and settled in Rhode Island

Question 38

Salem

Answer 38

location of the Salem Witch Trials, where several young girls experienced seizures and accused their neighbors of bewitching them

Question 39

town meeting

Answer 39

a main institution in American local government where adult men could discuss and vote on important issues

Question 40

Puritan-Pequot War

Answer 40

conflict between Puritan settlers and Pequot Indians

Question 41

Metacom's War (King Philip's War)

Answer 41

war in which Indians destroyed 1/5 of English towns and killed 1,000 settlers

Question 42

William Berkeley

Answer 42

powerful governor of Virginia who angered Nathaniel Bacon

Question 43

Nathaniel Bacon

Answer 43

government official who led a rebel movement against Berkeley and his policies

Question 44

neo-Europe

Answer 44

near-replications of European societies in the Americas

Question 45

Mayflower Compact

Answer 45

agreement for self-government signed by 41 men on the Mayflower

Question 46

Harvard University

Answer 46

the first university in the colonies; established to educate ministers