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Osteology > Chapter 2- Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Standard Anatomical position

A

Human standing, looking forward, feet together & pointed forward, arms alongside body and thumbs pointed away from body

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2
Q

left & right

A

Refer to sides of individual being studied, not the observers viewpoint

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3
Q

Cranial skeletal anatomy

A

anatomy of skull

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4
Q

postcranial anatomy

A

any bones below the skull

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5
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the trunk

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6
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the limbs, incl. pelvic girdles

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7
Q

saggital (midsaggital, median, or midline)

A

Divides the body into symmetrical right and L halves

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8
Q

parasaggital section

A

Any planar slice thru the body that parallels the sagittal plane

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9
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A

Divides the body into front and back half

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10
Q

paracoronal plane

A

a plane that is parallel to the coronal plane (dividing the body into front & back(

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11
Q

transverse (horizontal plane)

A

slices thru the body at any height, but is perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes

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12
Q

superior

A

towards the head ot the hominid

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13
Q

inferior

A

away from the head

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14
Q

anterior

A

towards the ront of the body

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15
Q

posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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16
Q

medial

A

towards the midline of the body

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17
Q

lateral

A

opposite of medial; away from the midilne of the body

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18
Q

proximal

A

nearest the axial skeleton, usually used for limb bones

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19
Q

distal

A

farthest from the axial skeleton

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20
Q

external

A

outer, closer to the surface

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21
Q

internal

A

inner, farther from the surface

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22
Q

extrinsic

A

external to that which it acts upon (ex. muscles)

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23
Q

intrinsic

A

internal to that which it acts upon (ex. muscles)

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24
Q

endocranial

A

inner surface of the cranial vault

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25
ectocranial
outer surface of the cranial vault
26
superficial
closer to the surface
27
deep
opposite of superficial, far from the surface
28
subcutaneous
just below the skin
29
palmar
palm side of the hand
30
plantar
sole side of the foot
31
volar
refers to either the hollow of either the hand or the foot
32
dorsal
top/back of either hand or foot
33
mesial
towards the midilne of the dental arch where central incisors contact each other
34
distal
opposite of mesial. away from the midline of the dental arch
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lingual
towards the tongue.
36
labial
opposite of lingual, towards the lips. used for front teeth
37
buccal
opposite of lingual, toward the cheeks. used for back teeth
38
interproximal
the area of a tooth in contact with an adjacent tooth in the same jaw
39
occlusal
facing the opposing dental arch, usually the chewing surface of each tooth
40
apical
towards or at the root of the tooth
41
cervical
at, around, pertaining to either the neck proper, or any number of anatomical spots referred to as a neck or cervix
42
incisal
the biting, or occlusal edge of the incisors
43
mesiodistal axis
axis running from mesial to distal (on a tooth)
44
buccolingual & labiolingual axes
axis running from labial or buccal to lingual (on a tooth)
45
flexion
bending movement decreasing angle between body parts
46
extension
opposite of flexion, a straightening movement
47
abduction
movement of a body part, usually a limb, away from the sagittal plane
48
adduction
movement of a body part, usually a limb, towards` from the sagittal plane
49
circumduction
appendage being moved in cone-shaped movement
50
rotation
motion occuring as a body part turns on an axis`
51
opposition
motion in which body parts are brought together (like two fingers grasping small objects)
52
pronation
rotation of the forearms- palm is turned to facing up
53
supination
palm returned to facing down, thumb lateral
54
dorsiflexion
flexion of anterior portion of foot away from the ground (front of foot up)
55
plantarflexion (volarflexion)
flexing anterior portion of the foot inferiorly ((heel up)
56
eversion (supination)
turning sole of foot inward so it faces midline of body
57
inversion of foot
turning sole of foot upwards so it faces towards midline of body
58
process
bony prominence
59
eminence
a bony projection tat is not as prominent as a process
60
spine
a long, thin sharp process
61
tuberosity
large, rugose/roughened eminence of variable shape. Often a site of tendon/ligament attachment
62
tubercle
small, usually rugose eminence. a small version of a tuberosity
63
trochanter
one of two large, prominent, blunt rugose processes found only on FEMUR.
64
malleolus
round protuberance adjacent to ankle joint
65
boss
smooth, ronud, broad eminence (such as bossing of frontal bone on skull
66
articulation
an area where adjacent bones are in contact
67
condyle
a rounded articular process.
68
epicondyle
a nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle.
69
head
a large, rounded, usually articular ed of a bone
70
shaft
the long straight section of a bone
71
epiphysis
usually the end portion or extremity of a bone tht is expanded for articulation
72
neck
the section of a bone between the head and the shaft
73
torus
a bony thickening (such as in the skull)
74
ridge
a linear bony elecation, often roughened
75
crest
a prominent, usually sharp & thin edge of bone often formed between adjacent muscle masses
76
line
a linear raised surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest
77
hamulus
a hook-shaped projection. Such as on the wrist's hamate bone
78
facet
a small articular surface on a bone, or a tooth-tooth contact.
79
ramus
a branch
80
fossa
a depressed area, broad and shallow
81
fovea
pit-like depressed area, usually smaller than a fossa
82
groove
long pit/furrow
83
sulcus
a long, wide groove
84
fontanelle
a space between cranial bones of an infant
85
suture
where adjacent bones of the skull meet/articulate
86
foramen
opening thru a bone, usually a passage for nerves
87
hamulus
a hook-shaped projection. Such as on the wrist's hamate bone
88
facet
a small articular surface on a bone, or a tooth-tooth contact.
89
ramus
a branch
90
fossa
a depressed area, broad and shallow
91
fovea
pit-like depressed area, usually smaller than a fossa
92
groove
long pit/furrow
93
sulcus
a long, wide groove
94
fontanelle
a space between cranial bones of an infant
95
suture
where adjacent bones of the skull meet/articulate
96
foramen
opening thru a bone, usually a passage for nerves
97
canal
a tunnel-like passage usually extending from a foramen
98
canaliculus
a very small passage or duct
99
sinus
a cavity within a cranial bone
100
alveolus
a tooth socket

Osteology (2 decks)

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