Chapter 2 and 3

Question 1

Descritpitive statistics

Answer 1

used to summarize and describe and the behavior of particiapnts in a study

Question 2

inferential statstics

Answer 2

used to draw conclusions about generalizability of ones findings

Question 3

variability

Answer 3

a common label indicating that a group of numbers are ont the same

Question 4

variance

Answer 4

a specific measure of variability based on teh mean and variance of a set of scores

Question 5

total variance

Answer 5

total variability, EV+SV

Question 6

error varriance

Answer 6

variance in a set of scores is not accounted for by grouping variable

Question 7

systematic variance

Answer 7

the portion of the total variability in participants’ scores that is related in an orderly, predictable fashion to the variables the researcher is investigating,based on grouping variable

Question 8

how much sv and ev do researchers want?

Answer 8

less EV, more SV

Question 9

effect size

Answer 9

measures of the strength of a relationship

Question 10

meta analysis

Answer 10

A procedure used to examine many studies conducted on the same topic to assess the overall relationship

Question 11

nominal

Answer 11

named

Question 12

ordinal

Answer 12

named, natural order

Question 13

interval

Answer 13

named, natural order, equal interval between variables.

Question 14

ratio

Answer 14

named, natural order, equal interval between variables, has a true zero value

Question 15

types of measures

Answer 15

observational, self-report, physiological

Question 16

measurement error

Answer 16

unsystematic errors and systematic

Question 17

unsystematic erros

Answer 17

error factors that are unsystematic, may increase some scores and decrease other scores

Question 18

systematic errors

Answer 18

error factors in our experiment that tend to systematically increase scores of most participants

Question 19

observed score

Answer 19

the measure you actually record

Question 20

true score

Answer 20

the participants true score what we would get if there was no measurement error

Question 21

measurement error

Answer 21

any factor that distorts the score

Question 22

observed scored

Answer 22

true score + measurement error

Question 23

reliability

Answer 23

the consistency and dependenablity of a measuring technique

Question 24

increasing reliability

Answer 24

standarized adminsitration, clairfy instructions, train observers

Question 25

common sources of measurement error

Answer 25

transient states, stable states, situational facotrs, characterisitics of the measure

Question 26

test-test reliability

Answer 26

consistency of particpants resposne on a measure over time

Question 27

interitem reliability

Answer 27

assesses the degree of consistency among the items on a scale

Question 28

split-half reliability

Answer 28

divide the items on the scale into two sets and examine the correlation betwween items on the scale

Question 29

item-toal correlation

Answer 29

the correlation between a particualr item and the sum of all other item on the scale

Question 30

interobserver reliability

Answer 30

the consistency among two or more researchers who observe and record participants' behavior

Question 31

validity

Answer 31

the degree to which a measurement procedure actually measures what it is intended to measure rather than measuring something else

Question 32

criteriorn related validty

Answer 32

the extent to which a measure allows us to distinguish among participants on the basis of a particular behavioral criterion

Question 33

concurrent validity

Answer 33

scores on a measure are related as expected to a criterion that is assessed at the time the measure is administered

Question 34

predicitive validity

Answer 34

scores on a measure are related as expected to a criterion that is assessed in the future