Chapter 2 and 3

Question 1

Roman British Campaigns

Answer 1

Caesar. Came for wealth, prestige, power. Left, returned, but left for Gaul and didn’t return. 55-54 BC

Question 2

Claudius

Answer 2

Roman emperor. Decided to conquer Britain. 41 AD

Question 3

Cunobelin

Answer 3

British king, “King of the Britons”, strong, died, sons made enemies of Rome, died 42 AD

Question 4

Aulus Platius

Answer 4

Roman general, conquered Cunobelin’s kingddom, sailed 43 AD

Question 5

Iceni Revolt

Answer 5

Boudicca led revolt against Romans, failed. 60 AD.

Question 6

Boudicca

Answer 6

Queen, led Iceni Revolt, drank poison, 61 AD

Question 7

Julius Agricola

Answer 7

Governor of Britain, used roads and forts, finished conquest of Wales, 78 AD

Question 8

Hadrian’s Wall

Answer 8

proposed by Hadrian, stone and turf, fortified base, separated Brigantes, deterred raiders, 122-128 AD

Question 9

Antonine’s Wall

Answer 9

2nd wall, held for 20 years, 143 AD

Question 10

coloniae

Answer 10

Roman veteran town in Britain, first 4 towns in Roman Britain, longer time period, stopped end of 5th century

Question 11

municipium

Answer 11

existing British town, end of 5th century stopped

Question 11

civitas

Answer 11

tribes grouped, became capitals, especially Celtic aristocrats, stopped end of 5th century

Question 12

legate

Answer 12

governor of Britain, appointed by emperor, early medieval period

Question 13

villa

Answer 13

center of agricultural estate, owned by wealthy Britons, started 2nd century, became a lot more elaborate

Question 14

Romanization

Answer 14

the attempt to make Britons more Roman. Civitas, Latin, government, dress. Worked best in towns, Rome left in 5th century

Question 14

Count of Saxon Shore

Answer 14

Command of troops in Britain, 4th century

Question 15

Vortigern

Answer 15

ruler of SE Britain, invites Saxons to help defend from Scots and Picts, 5th century

Question 15

Hengest and Horsa

Answer 15

Saxon brothers, came to help Vortigern, set up kingdom in Kent, 5th century

Question 16

Pelagius

Answer 16

heretic, man was born free of sin, could choose good and evil, condemned by many, Pelagians, 4th century

Question 16

comitatus

Answer 16

group of warriors around king/chiefs, 5th century

Question 17

Aelle

Answer 17

Found of Sussex, Anglo-Saxon chief, late 5th-century or early 6th

Question 18

thegn

Answer 18

Anglo-saxon warrior, loyal to lords, received rewards for loyal service, 5th century

Question 19

Mount Badon

Answer 19

500 AD, battle, King Arthur?, British beat Saxons, halted conquest for 50 years

Question 20

Gregory I

Answer 20

Pope, wanted to convert Britain, late 6th century

Question 21

Augustine of Kent

Answer 21

Leader of Roman missionaries to Britain, late 6th early 7th, converted Kent and Essex

Question 22

St. Columba

Answer 22

Irishman, converted Oswald of Northumbria, late 6th century, Iona

Question 23

Iona monastery

Answer 23

On island of Iona off of Scotland, St. Columba, Oswald, helped convert Northumbria

Question 24

Roman Christianity

Answer 24

bishop, diocese, order, discipline

Question 25

Celtic Christianity

Answer 25

abbot, monastery, evangelical fervor, ascetic

Question 26

Lindisfarne monastery

Answer 26

Founded by Aidan, helped convert Northumbrians, major Christian center, 7th century

Question 26

St. Aidan

Answer 26

Established Lindisfarne monastery, Celtic church, Northumbria, evangelist, 7th century

Question 27

Oswy, King of Northumbria

Answer 27

Summoned Synod of Whitby, decided to side with Romanized Easter, married Kentish princess, 7th century

Question 28

Synod of Whitby

Answer 28

664, meeting to debate which Easter to use, Oswy summoned, Wilfrid and Colman debated, Roman used

Question 29

Wilfrid

Answer 29

Northumbrian, studied in Rome, argued for Roman Easter, native Northumbrian

Question 30

Colman

Answer 30

Ionan monk, argued for Celtic Easter

Question 31

Theodore of Tarsus

Answer 31

Old dude, unified British church, late 7th century, Archbishop of Canterbury, set up dioceses, organized church with bishops

Question 32

Synod of Hertford

Answer 32

672, first meeting of English church to make decisions

Question 33

Bretwalda

Answer 33

"king of britain", name claimed by some early kings, seventh century

Question 34

Offa

Answer 34

King of Mercia, Later 8th century, extended kingdom, promoted trade, set up boundaries "Rex angolorum"

Question 35

Egbert

Answer 35

King of Wessex, ninth century, defeated Mercians

Question 36

Alfred I

Answer 36

The Great, 9th century, 871, King of Wessex, fought the Danes, shored up defense of Wessex

Question 37

Battle of Edington

Answer 37

English defeat of the Danes. Alfred the Great forced them out, saved them from destructions, 885

Question 38

fyrd

Answer 38

Anglo-Saxon militia

Question 39

Burhs

Answer 39

fortresses created by Alfred, close to towns, large, fortified