Chapter 2 And Chapter 7- Chemistry Of Life and Cell Structure And Funxton

Question 1

Define an atom

Answer 1

The basic unit of matter

Question 2

What are the charges of the particles listed in number two above?

Answer 2

Electrons (-), protons (+), and neutrons (0)

Question 3

How are the sizes of electrons, protons and neutrons related?

Answer 3

Electrons are the smallest, while protons and neutrons are about the same size.

Question 4

What is an element?

Answer 4

A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 5

Define isotope

Answer 5

Atoms of the same element that differ in numbers of neutrons they contain

Question 6

Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonds

Answer 6

Ionic is between a metal and a nonmetal while covalent is between two nonmetals

Question 7

How many electrons are held in the first energy shell of an electron? The second energy shell? Third energy shell?

Answer 7

2 in the first energy shell, 8 in the second energy shell, and 18 in the third energy shell.

Question 8

What color would blue litmus turn in an acid? Base?

Answer 8

Blue litmus will turn red in an acid and blue in a base

Question 9

What color of a red litmus turn in an acid? Base?

Answer 9

Red litmus will turn red in acid and blue in a base

Question 10

Which is more acidic? A pH of four or a pH of two?

Answer 10

A pH of two

Question 11

How much more acidic is a pH of two then a pH of four?

Answer 11

100 times

Question 12

Describe the difference between a solute and a solvent 

Answer 12

A solute is what it is Dissolving in and the solvent is what is dissolving

Question 13

List the four major categories of macromolecules

Answer 13

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 14

What has to be present in order for a substance to be considered organic?

Answer 14

Carbon

Question 15

Give an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and a polysaccharide in the carbohydrate group

Answer 15

Monosaccharide Calling sugars, glucose/sucrose
polysaccharide: starches– Cellulose
Disaccharide: glucose or sucrose


Question 16

What is a protein in the body that acts as a catalyst?

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

What is the function of a cytoskeleton?

Answer 17

The network of the protein 

Question 18

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 18

Makes protein and important molecules

Question 19

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 19

Assembles ribosomes

Question 20

What is the function of the Lysosome?

Answer 20

Breaks down proteins, lipids, and can be carbohydrates (digestive cell)

Question 21

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 21

Converts chemical energy stored in food compounds that are made for cells

Question 22

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 22

Provides protein found in cytoplasm

Question 23

What is the function of the ER?

Answer 23

Lipid components of the cell membranes are assembled here

Question 24

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 24

Modify, sorts, and packages proteins

Question 25

What is the function of a vessel?

Answer 25

Transports molecules

Question 26

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Answer 26

Captures sunlight and converts it into energy

Question 27

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 27

Regulates what goes in and out

Question 28

The function of a centriole?

Answer 28

Helps divide and organize cell

Question 29

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

Answer 29

The medium for chemical reactions

Question 30

 List the parts of the cell theory

Answer 30

1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the smallest unit of life 3. Cells come from other living cells

Question 31

What substance is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 31

Proteins and lipids

Question 32

Define osmosis

Answer 32

The tendency of water to move across the membrane

Question 33

Define diffusion

Answer 33

The process in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 34

Give examples of active and passive

Answer 34

Passive transport is diffusion, and osmosis active transport is endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 35

What were a red blood cell do if placed in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 35

It will shrink

Question 36

What will a red blood cell do if placed in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 36

It will swell