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Driver/Operator > Chapter 2: Apparatus Inspection and Maintenance > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Apparatus Inspection and Maintenance Flashcards

1
Q

who is required to perform routine maintenance checks and functions

A

driver/operators

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2
Q

which NFPA requires that driver/operators be skilled in the performance of certain maintenance tasks

A

NFPA 1002

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3
Q

Maintenance:

A

refers to keeping apparatus in a state of usefulness or readiness

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4
Q

Repair:

A

means to restore that which has become inoperable

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5
Q

Preventative maintenance

A

helps ensure reliability, reduce the frequency and cost of repairs, reduces out of service time
o Goal is to eliminate unexpected and catastrophic failures that may endanger firefighters and the general public

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6
Q

NFPA 1071

A

standard for emergency vehicle technician professional qualifications
o Provides a basis to train and certify fire apparatus mechanics and fire department maintenance officers

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7
Q

In order to ensure operational status of the vehicle, NFPA 1002 requires driver/operators to be able to perform routine tests, inspections and servicing of the following systems:

A

o Braking systems
o Coolant system
o Electrical system
o Steering system
o Fuel system
o Hydraulic fuels
o Batteries
o Oil
o Tires
o Belts
o Tools, appliances and equipment

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8
Q
  • Every fire department should develop SOPs that provide for a systematic apparatus maintenance program that complies with applicable NFPA standards
  • Procedures should specify:
A

o What the maintenance procedures are
o when they are performed
o who is responsible for conducting the maintenance

-method for reporting, correcting and documenting all activities

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9
Q
  • The schedule for performing routine maintenance checks varies by jurisdiction….
A

o Some checks are performed at the beginning of each tour of duty
o More detailed inspection may be completed on a weekly or monthly basis

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10
Q

Each jurisdiction should establish an inspection and maintenance policy that details how the result of an inspection are documented and transmitted to the appropriate person in the administrative system

A

o Procedure for documentation and communication
o Standardized written forms or Computer programs
o A filing system that allows for storage and retrieval of data should be in place in order to facilitate review of records
o Inspection checklist for specific apparatus

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11
Q
  • Whenever the apparatus or a piece of equipment onboard is found broken, defective or in need of any type of repair…
A

document, report, and follow up

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12
Q

document, report, and follow up

A guidline for these actions follows:

A

 Inspection of apparatus results in finding a system in need of repair
 The driver/operator documents the defective system as per local policy such as written or computerized document
 The driver/operator notifies their immediate supervisor of the defect and documentation
 The status of the repair is followed up in a reasonable amount of time based on the nature of the problem
 Take immediate action for serious issues

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13
Q

Apparatus maitenence and inspection records are important especially in:

A

o Warranty claims
o Accidents
o Determining whether new vehicle is needed or continue doing repairs on old

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14
Q

Keeping apparatus clean 2 major bemefits

A

o promotes a longer vehicle life
o easier to inspect

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15
Q
  • Frequent washing to remove these chemicals will reduce the likelihood of
A

body and component damage

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16
Q

Clean engine permits

A

proper inspection for leaks and their source

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17
Q

Most vulnerable areas are

A

in the engine compartment where linkages, fuel injectors or other controls may become inoperable due to collection of dirt

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18
Q

Several components that may be visualized include:

A

o Suspension and brake parts
o Spring shackles
o Driveline
o Steering mechanisms

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19
Q

There are adverse effects to overcleaning a fire apparatus:

A

o Steam cleaning or high pressure water spray may remove lubrication from the chassis, engine, pump and underbody
o Use caution when employing high pressure cleaning around wiring harnesses and connections

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20
Q

After heavy cleaning it may be necessary to

A

perform a routine lubrication

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21
Q

During first —– months after an apparatus is received….

A
  • During first 6 months after an apparatus is received, while the paint and protective coating are new and unseasoned, the vehicle should be washed frequently using cold water to harden the paint and keep it from spotting
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22
Q
  • To ensure best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future the following washing instructions are recommended:
A

o Use a garden hose with a nozzle to apply water to the apparatus
 High pressure can drive dirt and debris into the finish
o Rinse as much loose dirt as possible from the vehicle before applying soap
 Never remove dirt by dry rubbing
o Wash the apparatus before dirt, grit and road salt can dry on the surface
o Do not wash with extremely hot water or while the surface of the vehicle is hot
o Begin washing from the top of the vehicle and work downward
o Dry the apparatus with a clean chamois that is rinsed frequently in clean water
 Failure to dry will encourage corrosion

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23
Q

Glass care

A
  • Use warm soapy water or commercial glass cleaner
  • Paper towel
  • Shop towels are not acceptable because even after laundered, they may have metal shavings embedded in the cloth
  • Avoid using dry towels or cloths because they may grind grit or dirt into the glass
  • Do not use any abrasive tool to remove deposits from the glass
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24
Q

Use the following steps to clean the interior:

A

o Sweep or vacuum large, loose dirt particles
o Use warm soapy water or commercial cleaning products to clean surfaces
o Avoid using solvents such as lacquer thinner, acetone, laundry soap, bleach and naphtha
o Ventilate the cab or crew riding area when using cleaning agents
o Take care when using any liquids around the vehicles electrical system
o Keep compartments, hinges, slide tracks and seals clean and free of debris

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25
Q

Waxing
- Follow manufactures instructions to include the following:

A

o Review instructors before applying some newer apparatus’ don’t need
o Reference the manufactures manual before using any wax or polishes
o Wait until apparatus is 6 months old to apply products
o Wash and dry before

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26
Q

Systemic approach helps

A

ensure that all required items are checked each time an inspection is complete

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27
Q

Circle or walk around method

where does it start

A

an inspection method in which the inspector starts at one point of the apparatus and continues in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction inspecting the entire apparatus

  • The inspection begins at the drivers door on the cab and works around the apparatus in a clockwise pattern
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28
Q

2 types of inspections are actually conducted during the walk around inspection:

A

o The operational readiness inspection
o Pretrip road worthiness inspection

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29
Q

The operational readiness inspection:

A

inspecting an apparatus and equipment on the apparatus to ensure that all equipment is in place, clean and ready for service

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30
Q

o Pretrip road worthiness inspection

A

a visual inspection of an apparatus to ensure the major components of the chassis are present and in proper working condition

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31
Q

Functional check

A

an inspection where a certain system or component of an apparatus is operated to ensure that it is functioning properly

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32
Q

what do do after walk around method inspection is complete

A
  • Get in the cab, start the apparatus, and perform a functional check on apparatus systems
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33
Q

When approaching a vehicle to be inspected, driver/operators should observe

A

o Any problems that may be readily apparent from a distance such as a body damage or a severe lean to one side
o The terrain on which the vehicle is parking. May have sloped floors
o Vehicle fluid leaks which may indicate a serious mechanical problem

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34
Q
  • Diesel exhaust may contain up to
A

100 harmful chemicals and compounds

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35
Q

exterior Visual inspection involves checking items for:

A

o Condition
o Cleanliness
o Damage
o Defects
o Functionality
o Leaks
o And presence of or missing items

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36
Q

Check the tire:

A

o Type
o Condition
o Inflation

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37
Q

Never acceptable to mix —– tires with —— tires

A

Never acceptable to mix radial tires with bias-ply tires

  • All tires should be same size and weight
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38
Q

o gross axle weight rating

A

the maximum amount of weight that an axle system can safely carry

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39
Q

Tire selections for fire apparatus are based on

A

o gross axle weight rating

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40
Q
  • too much or too little pressure in tires will
A

damage tires and cause poor road handling characteristics as well as excessive fuel consumption

41
Q

the max mph rating on the tire

A

the max mph rating on the tire is not an invitation to continually operate at that speed

42
Q

when examining tire condition, driver/operator should check for proper:

A

tread depth
o Tread separation
o Cupping
o Excessive wear on the sidewalls
o Cuts
o Dry rotting
o Cracking tires
o Or objects impaled in the tire per department policy

43
Q

NFPA 1911

A

standard for the inspection, maintenance, testing, and retirement of in service automotive fire apparatus

44
Q

all tires be replaced every ——, regardless of their condition

A

7 years

45
Q

Tire inflation

A

: understand all the info imprinted on the sidewall of a truck tire

46
Q

Interior inspection

A
  • Adjust mirror, seats and seatbelts
  • Start engine and check all dashboard instruments for correct readings
  • Check any miscellaneous equipment stored in the cab at this time
47
Q

Load management systems

A

an electrical monitoring system that will shed electrical load in a predetermined order if the chassis voltage begins to drop below a predetermined level
o Prevents an overload of a vehicles electrical generation system

48
Q
  • Overload:
A

operation of equipment or a conductor in excess of its rated ampacity; continuous overload may result in overheating that damages the equipment
o May be a problem due to the large amount of electrical equioment added to modern fire apparatus

49
Q

Load sequencer

A

device in an electrical system that turns lights on at specified intervals, so that the start up load for all of the devices does not occur at the same time

50
Q

Load monitor

A

device that “watches” an electrical system for added loads that may threaten to overload the system

51
Q
  • Driver/operators must be able to distinguish between (in terms of electrical system of apparatus)
A

load shedding and an electrical system malfunction

52
Q

Manual shift transmission:

A

A component of the power train that receives torque from the engine and converts it to rotation to the wheels.

53
Q

A clutch

A

is used to disengage the transmission from the engine to allow the apparatus to start, stop pr change gears to maximize engine performance

54
Q

If the apparatus is equipped with a manual shift transmissions, check the adjustment of the…

A

If the apparatus is equipped with a manual shift transmissions, check the adjustment of the clutch pedal

55
Q

Free play (free travel):

A

the distance that the pedal must be pushed before the through-out- bearing actually contacts the clutch release fingers

56
Q

insufficient free play vs excessive free play

A

o Insufficient free play will cause the clutch to slip, overheat, and wear out sooner than necessary
o Excessive free play may result in the clutch not releasing completely which can cause harsh shifting, gear clashing and damage to gear teeth

57
Q

Through-out- bearing

A

the component used to push on the internal clutch fingers connected to the clutch pedal and when activated, disengages the clutch from the engine

58
Q
  • Inspect the steering system for
A
  • Inspect the steering system for proper adjustment and reaction
  • Check the steering wheel for excess play that does not result in the actual movement of the vehicles front wheels
59
Q

Steering wheel play

A

in a steering system the amount of travel between turning the wheel and when the steering system moves

60
Q

o Steering wheel play Should be no more than approximetley

A

10 degrees in either direction

61
Q

Gross vehicle weight (GVWR):

A

the maximum weight at which at which a vehicle can be safely operated on roadways in ideal conditions
- Every vehicle is placarded with a Gross vehicle weight
- Commercial vehicles are required to have this placard in plain view

62
Q

Curb weight

A

is the weight of an empty fire apparatus fresh off the assembly line with no tools, water, equipment or passengers

63
Q
  • Before placing any apparatus in service load all compartments the weigh each axle and compare the results to the Gross Axle Weight Ratings (GAWR) placard…
A
  • If the measured weights are higher than GAWRs remove or redistribute equipment until a safe loading is achieved
64
Q

GVWR and GAWR

A
  • Gross vehicle weight rating
  • Gross axle weight rating
65
Q

Brake inspection and tests when

A
  • Federal, state, and provincial laws may dictate how and when brakes are tested
66
Q

Hydraulic braking systems

A

a braking system that uses a fluid in a closed system to pressurized wheel cylinders when activated

67
Q
  • Most commercial and private vehicles built since —- are equipped with ——–
A
  • Most commercial and private vehicles built since 1990 are equipped with antilock braking systems
68
Q
  • Air actuated braking systems
A

a braking system that uses compressed air to hold off a spring brake (park brake) and applies air pressure to a service brake for vehicle stopping

69
Q

Antilocking braking systems(ABS):

A

an electronic system that monitors wheel spin. When braking and the wheels are sensed to begin locking up, the brake on that we’ll is temporary release to prevent skidding

70
Q
  • Air pressure protection valve:
A

prevents the air horn and other nonessential devices from being operated when the pressure in the air reservoir drops below 80PSI

71
Q

ABS brake system

A
  • Reduce the possibility of an apparatus going into a slide, jacknife or spin during heavy braking
  • Assist the driver/operator in keeping the apparatus in a straight trajectory during heavy or emergency braking
  • Does not necessarily provide a faster stop but it greatly enchances a controlled stop
72
Q

Brake tests
- Thoroughly Tested at least

A

annually

73
Q

brake tests determine

A

braking ability of apparatus while in motion and evaluate the parking brake while the vehicle is stopped

74
Q

Air brake test

A

series of tests used to ensure the serviceability of an air braking system

75
Q

Slack adjusters

A

devices used in an air brake system that connect between the activation pads and the brake pads that compensate for brake pad wear

76
Q

when is engine compartment inspected

A
  • Once the entire exterior of the apparatus has been inspected, the in cab check have been completed, and the airbrake testing is complete, the driver/operator should shut off the engine and prepare to perform checks and routine preventive maintenance in the engine compartment

not when vehicle is running

77
Q

For inspection of vehicles equipped with a tilt cab, ensure that

A

the control operates freely without binding and that the hold-open device is latched
o Check cab latches for security of mounting, lubrication, and accumulation of metal filings in the mechanism

78
Q
  • Tilt cab
A

a truck that uses a cab that lowers over the power train

79
Q
  • Cabs should be lifted…
A

on a weekly basis for a thorough inspection of the engine

80
Q

order in which to check items in the engine compartment

A
  • There is no established order
81
Q
  • Diesel particulate filters (DPF
A

device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine
o Provide cleaner emissions from disel engines
o Trap much of the particulate matter in exhaust emissions

82
Q

process of regeneration

A

in which the exhaust temperature is raised in order to burn off particulate matter accumulated in the filter

83
Q

If the diesel filter becomes too contaminated the vehicle will

A

experience reduced power and driving capability until a regeneration cycle is complete

84
Q

selective catalyst reductant (SCR)

A

uses diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) to help further reduce emissions

  • Engines produced after January 1, 2010
85
Q

DEF
SCR
DPF

A

diesel exhaust fluid
selective catalyst reductant
- Diesel particulate filters

86
Q

this is DEF stored downstream

A

in a tank downstream of the DPF and is injected into the gas in order to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel engines

87
Q

Periodically inspect the exhaust system and look for

A

signs of cracks or leaks
- Ensure that exhaust pipe wrap or insulation is intact and undamaged
- Pay close attention to joints and flex pipes especially on 2007 and later engines equipped with DPFs

88
Q

Chassis lubrication

A

applying grease and other lubricants to specific parts of a chassis to reduce wear, noise, and binding

89
Q

Proper lubrication helps prevent

A

costly repairs and may reduce out of service time

90
Q
  • Effective lubrication depends on:
A

o Use of the proper grade lubricant
o The frequency of lubrication
o The amount used
o The method of lubrication

91
Q

To select the proper lubrication:

A

o Consider the requirements of the unit
o The characteristics of the lubricant
o Manufactures recommendations

92
Q
  • Society of automotive enginerrs (SAE) numbers
A

indicates only the viscosity of the oil

93
Q
  • Essential characteristics of oil are:
A

o Corrosive protection
o Foaming
o Sludging
o Carbon accumulation

94
Q
  • If chasis lubrication is within the responsibilities of the driver/operator, take the following steps to complete these duties:
A

o Be familiar with all the lubrication fill points. Most apparatus owners mannuals will include a diagram of lubrication fittings
o Wipe the fitting clean with a shop rag
o Press the end of the lubrication gun fill hose onto the fitting
o Operate the pump handle on the lubrication gun until resistance is felt
o Continue the process around the vehicle until all lubrication points have been filled

95
Q
  • Most automotive batteries contain
  • batteries can also give off
A
  • Most automotive batteries contain lead and sulfuric acid
  • batteries can also give off hydrogen gas which is highly explosive and mere soark can ignite
96
Q
  • Before jump starting a vehicle be aware of several important considerations:
A

o Ensure the donor vehicle has the same voltage electrical system. This will prevent damage
o Check the maufacturers operations manual before jumping or charging the system
o Make sure the jumper cables are connected to the specified battery in the recommended manner

97
Q
  • Fire pumps are tested when
A

at regularly scheduled intervals to compare actual performance to specific standards

  • Tests can be daily, weekly or as needed
98
Q
  • Fire departments should require regular inspections to detect
A

deficiencies or failure of the fire pump and other fire suppression equipment

99
Q

Post maintenance/repair inspection

A

a specific inspection to an area of. A chassis or apparatus to ensure that the unit is operating properly in accordance with the manufacturers intial design

Driver/Operator (4 decks)

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