Chapter 2 - Atomic Structure

Question 1

Fundamental,indivisibleparticlesthatmakeupmatter

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

Statesthatthemassofareactantmustequalthemassoftheproductforany
chemicalprocess.

Answer 2

lawofconservationofmass

Question 3

Anegativelychargedparticlethathasaverysmallmasscomparedtothemassofothersubatomic particlesandsurroundstheatom

Answer 3

electron

Question 4

Anexperiment,ledbyJ.J.Thomson,whichproposedthattheatomwascomprisedof negativelychargedparticlesinadispersefieldofpositivelychargedparticles

Answer 4

plumpuddingmodel

Question 5

Anexperiment,ledbyErnestRutherford,whichproposedthatatomsconsistofasmall positivelychargednucleussurroundedbynegativelychargedelectrons.

Answer 5

goldfoilexperiment

Question 6

Apositivelychargedparticlethathasarelativelylargemasscomparedtoelectrons.Protonscanbefound inthenucleusoftheatom

Answer 6

proton

Question 7

Anunchargedparticlewithamassnearlyequaltothatoftheproton.Neutronscanbefoundinthe
nucleusoftheatom

Answer 7

neutron

Question 8

Thenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofeachatomofanelement.

Answer 8

atomicnumber

Question 9

Thetotalnumberofprotonsandneutronsinanatom

Answer 9

massnumber

Question 10

Theshorthandnotationofthecompositionofanyatomusingtheatomicnumber(Z)andthemass
number(A)

Answer 10

A­-Znotation

Question 11

Atomsthathavethesameatomicnumberbutdifferentmassnumbersduetoadifferenceinthenumber ofneutrons

Answer 11

isotopes

Question 12

Thepercentageofatomsofaparticularisotopeinanaturallyoccurringsampleofthepure element

Answer 12

percentabundance

Question 13

Theweightedaverageoftheatomicmassesofthenaturallyoccurringisotopesofanelement

Answer 13

atomicmass

Question 14

Thenucleusofanunstableatomemitsenergyintheformofalphaparticles,betaparticlesand gammarays

Answer 14

radioactivedecay

Question 15

Positivelychargedparticleconsistingoftwoneutronsandtwoprotonsemittedfromanunstable nucleus(equivalenttothenucleusofhelium)

Answer 15

alphaparticle

Question 16

Highenergyelectronemittedfromanunstablenucleus

Answer 16

betaparticle

Question 17

Highenergyelectromagneticenergyemittedfromanunstablenucleus

Answer 17

gammarays

Question 18

Whenmostsubstancesareheatedtohighenoughtemperaturesthattheygiveofflightof variouswavelengths

Answer 18

emissionspectra

Question 19

Theregioninspaceinwhichanelectronismostlikelytobefound

Answer 19

orbital

Question 20

Thesetoforbitalsoccupiedbyelectronsinagivenatom

Answer 20

electronconfiguration

Question 21

Theelectronconfigurationofanatominitsneutralstateinwhichtheelectronsoccupythelowest
possibleenergylevels

Answer 21

groundstate

Question 22

Statesthatalllowerenergyorbitalsmustbefilledbeforeelectronscanbeaddedtoahigher
energyorbital

Answer 22

Aufbauprinciple

Question 23

Statesthatnotwoelectronsinsameatomcanhavethesamesetoffourquantum
numbers

Answer 23

Pauliexclusionprinciple

Question 24

Statesthatinasetoforbitalsthatareenergeticallyequivalent,eachorbitalisoccupiedbyasingle
electronbeforeanyorbitalwithinthesetisoccupiedbyasecondelectron.

Answer 24

Hund’srule

Question 25

 A shorthand for the electron configuration of an atom in which the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that element in the periodic table is written first, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons.

Answer 25

noble gas notation

Question 26

 The set of orbitals occupied by electrons in a given atom.

Answer 26

electron configuration

Question 27

 The electron configuration of an atom in its neutral state in which the electrons occupy the lowest possible energy levels.

Answer 27

ground state