CHAPTER 2: ATOMS, IONS & COMPOUNDS Flashcards
What are the relative charges of the subatomic particles?
Proton = 1+ Neutron = 0 Electron = 1-
What are the relative masses of the subatomic particles?
Proton = 1 Neutron = 1 Electron = Negligable/ 1/1836
What number is the same number as protons in an element?
The atomic number
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons and masses
What is an atom?
An atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons and are components that make up an element.
What is the mass number?
The amount of protons and neutrons
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons
What is the chemical notation for the mass and atomic number?
mass number= A
atomic number = Z
What is the number of electrons?
The atomic number
How do the subatomic particles effect chemical reactions in isotopes?
They have no different effect since they are of the same element (the number of neutrons has no effect on reactions)
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged particle formed when an element loses or gains an electron.
What are positive and negative ions called?
Cations= positive ions anions= negative ions
What is relative isotopic mass?
Relative isotopic mass is the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. In most cases you can assume that the relative isotopic mass is the same as the mass number.
What is the relative atomic mass?
Relative atomic mass is the weighed mean mass of an atom relative to 1/12th of a mass of a carbon-12 atom.
How do you use a mass spectrometer?
1) A sample is placed in the mass spectrometer
2) The sample is vapourised then ionised to form positive ions
3) The ions are accelerated : heavier ions move slower than lighter ones and are more difficult to deflect than lighter ones so the ions of each isotope are seperated.
4) The ions are detected on a mass detector as a mass to charge ratio. Each ion reaching the detector adds to the signal so the greater the abundance, the larger the signal.
