Chapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are intensive properties?
Temperature, colour, and molar mass are intensive properties.
An intensive property of a material does not depend on how much matter is being considered.
What are extensive properties?
Mass, length, and volume are extensive properties.
An extensive property of a material depends on how much matter is being considered.
What are the three laws?
- The Law of Conservation
- The Law of Definite Proportions
- The Law of Multiple Proportions
Define the Law of Conservation.
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
Define the Law of Multiple Proportions.
Elements can combine in different ways to form different chemical compounds, with mass ratios that are small whole-number multiples of each other.
Define the Law of Definite Proportions.
Different samples of a pure chemical compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass.
What is Dalton’s Atomic Theory?
- Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms
- Each element is characterized by the mass of its atoms
- The chemical combination of elements to make different chemical compounds occurs when atoms join in small whole-number ratios
- Chemical reactions only rearrange how atoms are combined in chemical compounds; the atoms themselves don’t change
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest particle that retains the chemical properties of an element.
What is an electron?
An electron is a negatively charged, fundamental atomic particle.
What is a proton?
A proton is a positively charged, fundamental atomic particle in the nucleus of atoms.
What is a neutron?
A neutron is a neutral, fundamental atomic particle in the nucleus of atoms.
What are three factors that affect the amount of deflection in a magnetic field?
- The strength of the magnetic field
- The magnitude of the charge on the electron
- The mass of the electron
In a neutral atom, what is the ratio of protons to electrons?
1:1
What is a nucleus?
A nucleus is the central core of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.
How is one atom different from another?
An atom differs from another by the number of protons.
Define atomic number (Z).
The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
What is atomic mass?
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an element’s naturally occurring atoms.
What is are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers. This means they have different numbers of neutrons.
What is molecular mass?
Molecular mass is the sum of atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule.
What is formula mass?
Formula mass is the sum of atomic masses of all atoms in one formula unit of a substance.
What is a chemical compound?
A chemical compound is a pure substance formed when atoms of 2 or more different elements combine.
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is the transfer of 1 or more electrons from one atom to another, generally between a metal (tends to give up electrons) and a nonmetal (tends to accept electrons). The charged species are called ions.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is when 2 atoms share several (most commonly 2) electrons, creating a molecule. This occurs most commonly between nonmetal atoms.
What is a diatomic molecule?
A diatomic molecule is when elements exist as molecules rather than atoms. E.g. H is found as H2
