Chapter 2 : Basic Chemistry Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are molecules?
The bonding of two or more atoms.
What is an acid?
An electrolyte that disassociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion.
What is a base?
Substances that combine with H+.
What is a compound?
A substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms.
Acids & Bases can be either ______.
Strong or weak.
What are the common elements in the body?
Oxygen (O) at 65%
Carbon (C) at 18.5%
Hydrogen (H) at 9.5%
Nitrogen (N) at 3.2%
What is a covalent bond?
It occurs when two atoms share electrons in their outer shell.
Ex. Like joining hands.
What is an ionic bond?
Is caused by a transfer of electrons between atoms.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Best illustrated by the weak attraction between water molecules.
What are the common ions?
Sodium (Na+)
Calcium (Ca+)
Iron (Fe2+)
Hydrogen (H+)
Potassium (K+)
Ammonium (NH4+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Phosphate (PO43-)
What two organs run off of electrical impulses?
Heart & Brain
What are cations?
Positively charged ions.
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions.
What is ATP?
An energy transfer molecule.
What are mixtures?
Combinations of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means.
What are solutions?
They are mixtures where the particles that are mixed together remain evenly distributed.
Ex. Salt water
What are precipitate reaction?
The formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction.
Ex. Kidney Stones
What are suspensions?
Mixtures where the particles are relatively large and tend to settle to the bottom unless the mixture is shaken continuously.
Ex. Sand in water
What is a solute?
The thing being dissolved.
Ex. Salt
What is a solvent?
The thing doing the dissolving.
Ex. Water
What is ionization?
The process of electrolytes dissolving into the solvent.
What are the six forms of energy?
Mechanical
Chemical
Electrical
Radiant
Thermal
Nuclear
