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NASM: CPT 2019 > Chapter 2: Basic Exercise Science > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Basic Exercise Science Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, integrative and motor functions.

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2
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The Central nervous system, composed of the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Define the nervous system.

A

One of the main organ systems of the body that consists of a specialized network of cells called neurons that transmit and coordinate signals that create a communication system of the human body.

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4
Q

Central and peripheral refer to the two parts of what system in the body?

A

The nervous system

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5
Q

What is the Human Movement System?

A

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems.

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6
Q

What is proprioception?

A

The body’s ability to sense the position of adjacent parts of the body.

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7
Q

What does neuromuscular mean?

A

The nervous and muscular systems.

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8
Q

A persons ability to decipher that they are walking on the sidewalk in comparison to the sand is called what in the nervous system?

A

Sensory function

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9
Q

What is the functional unit of the nervous system called?

A

Neuron

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10
Q

Billions of these make up the complex structure of the nervous system.

A

Neurons

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11
Q

A specialized cell that processes and transmits information through both electrical and chemical signals.

A

Neuron

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12
Q

What are Interneurons

A

They are what transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

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13
Q

These convert environmental stimuli into sensory information that the brain and spinal cord use to produce a response.

A

Sensory receptors

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of sensory receptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors (respond to touch pressure)

Nociceptors (respond to pain)

Chemoreceptors (respond to chemical reaction, taste, smell)

Photoreceptors (respond to light, vision)

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15
Q

What sensory receptors do personal trainers need to be familiar with because they primarily pertain to human movement?

A

Mechanoreceptors - respond to mechanical forces like touch and pressure

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16
Q

What are muscle spindles?

A

Sensory Receptors within the muscles that run parallel to the muscle fibers.

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17
Q

What purpose do bone markings serve?

A

1) increase stability in joints

2) provide attachment sites for muscles

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18
Q

What 2 categories are surface markings divided into?

A

Depressions and processes

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19
Q

What are the different types of bones?

A 
Long
Short 
Flat
Irregular 
Sesamoid
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20
Q

How many bones make up the skeletal system?

A

206

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21
Q

What is the axial skeleton comprised of?

A

Skull
Rib cage
Vertebrae column

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22
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton made up of?

A

Upper and lower extremities

Shoulder and pelvic girdles

23
Q

What 2 functions do bones serve, relative to movement?

A

1) leverage

2) support

24
Q

What is remolding?

A

The process of renewing bones through resorption and bone formation.

25
Q

What is the name of a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (this is the breaking down of old bone).

A

Osteoclasts

26
Q

What are the three major curves of the adult human spine?

A

1) a posterior cervical curvature
2) an anterior thoracic curvature
3) a posterior lumbar curvature

27
Q

How are joints formed?

A

By one bone that articulates with another bone.

28
Q

What is arthrokinematics?

A

Joint motion

29
Q

What are the three major motion types of joints?

A

Roll
Slide
Spin

30
Q

Synovial joints

A

Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body

31
Q

What is the functional unit of the muscle system?

A

Sarcomere

32
Q

Sarcomere

A

The functional unit of the muscle that produces muscle contractions made up of thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments.

33
Q

Neural activation

A

The contraction of a muscle

34
Q

What is Biomechanics?

A

The science of internal and external forces acting on the body. (external force being e.x. weights, internal force being e.x. muscle contraction or pressure)

35
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of human movement

36
Q

anatomic position

A

standing feet spread, face, hands and palms facing forward.

37
Q

anterior position

A

on or toward the front (most assessments are done from an anterior perspective)

38
Q

posterior position

A

on or towards the back

39
Q

superior position

A

upper (a position that is above another)

40
Q

inferior position

A

lower (a position below another)

41
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the center (horizontal)

42
Q

distal

A

further from the center

43
Q

medial

A

toward the midline (vertical)

44
Q

lateral

A

farther from the midline

45
Q

prone

A

body position where on is lying with the face downward

46
Q

supine

A

lying on back face upward

47
Q

triple flexion

A

a multi-joint exercise that involves flexion at the hip, knew (squat) the starting and ending position are triple flexion.

48
Q

Body is apron. ____% water?

A

60%

49
Q

pronation

A

(flexed foot rotate out) associated force reduction

50
Q

supination

A

associated with force production (pointed foot rotate in)

51
Q

What are the basic muscle phases in muscle action spectrum?

A

eccentric, isometric, concentric

52
Q

carrying a box into the house (assuming you arent moving your arm) would be considered which phase in the muscle action spectrum?

A

isometric

53
Q

eccentric

A

consistently and slowly reducing force while lengthening muscle- i.e. lowering bicep curl

54
Q

the shortening of a muscle during a bicep curl is considered what?

A

concentric

NASM: CPT 2019 (4 decks)

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