Chapter 2 Bio

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

mass

Answer 2

the quantity of matter an object has

Question 3

element

Answer 3

a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

central region; makes up the bulk of the mass of the atom and consists of a proton and a neutron

Question 5

proton

Answer 5

positively charged particles

Question 6

neutron

Answer 6

particles with no charge

Question 7

atomic number

Answer 7

the number of protons in an atom

Question 8

mass number

Answer 8

equal to the total number of protons and neutrons of the atom

Question 9

electrons

Answer 9

negatively charged particles

Question 10

orbital

Answer 10

three-dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron

Question 11

isotopes

Answer 11

atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

Question 12

compounds

Answer 12

made up of atoms of two or more elements in a fixed proportion

Question 13

chemical bond

Answer 13

the attractive forces that hold atoms together

Question 14

covalent bond

Answer 14

forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 15

molecule

Answer 15

simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state

Question 16

ion

Answer 16

an atom or molecule with an electrical charge

Question 17

ionic bond

Answer 17

the attraction between positive and negative electrical charges

Question 18

energy

Answer 18

ability to do work

Question 19

chemical reaction

Answer 19

one or more substances changing to produce one or more different substances

Question 20

reactant

Answer 20

make a product

Question 21

product

Answer 21

made by reactants

Question 22

metabolism

Answer 22

term used to describe all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism

Question 23

activation energy

Answer 23

the amount of energy needed to start a reaction

Question 24

catalysts

Answer 24

chemical substance that reduces the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place

Question 25

enzyme

Answer 25

protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed

Question 26

redox reaction

Answer 26

electrons are transferred between atoms

Question 27

oxidation reaction

Answer 27

a reactant looses one or more electrons becoming more positive in charge

Question 28

reduction reaction

Answer 28

reactant gains one or more electrons becoming more negative in charge

Question 29

polar

Answer 29

uneven distribution of charge

Question 30

hydrogen bond

Answer 30

the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge

Question 31

cohesion

Answer 31

attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together

Question 32

adhesion

Answer 32

attractive force between two particles of different substances

Question 33

capillarity

Answer 33

attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid

Question 34

solution

Answer 34

mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance

Question 35

solute

Answer 35

substance dissolved in the solvent

Question 36

solvent

Answer 36

substance in which the solute is dissolved

Question 37

concentration

Answer 37

amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of the solution

Question 38

saturated solution

Answer 38

one in which no more solute can dissolve

Question 39

aqueous solution

Answer 39

solution in which water is the solvent

Question 40

hydroxide ion

Answer 40

the ion OH-

Question 41

hydronium ion

Answer 41

formed by the attachment of a proton to a water molecule

Question 42

acid

Answer 42

number of hydronium ions in a solution is greater than the huber of hydroxide ions

Question 43

base

Answer 43

contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions

Question 44

pH scale

Answer 44

scale for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution

Question 45

buffers

Answer 45

chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either acid or base added to a solution