Chapter 2 - Biodiversity

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

a group of organisms in the same species that inhabit a given area.

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

The populations (of different species) that inhabit an area.

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

The biological community (populations) and the physical (abiotic) environment.

Question 3

trophic levels

Answer 3

food chains/connecting system of consumption and interactions

Question 4

niche

Answer 4

role in the ecosystem, what an organism does, where, and when

Question 5

Primary Succession

Answer 5

starting with rock ex. volcanic eruption

Question 5

Succession

Answer 5

predicable change in community, due to events.

Question 6

Secondary Succession

Answer 6

forest after being cut down

Question 7

Carrying Capacity

Answer 7

how many individuals an area can hold

Question 8

Species richness

Answer 8

number of spices found in a particular area

Question 9

Species diversity

Answer 9

includes richness but also how even the abundance of species is. Shannon-Weiner

Question 10

alpha diversity

Answer 10

the number of species in an area

Question 11

Beta diversity

Answer 11

variability of species composition along a geographical gradient. ex. series of mountains, lakes

Question 12

Gamma Diversity

Answer 12

the number of species in a large area, areas that consist of more than one type of ecosystem.

Question 13

Keystone species

Answer 13

Low biomass, high impact

Question 14

Dominate species

Answer 14

High biomass, high impact

Question 15

rare species

Answer 15

Low biomass, low impact

Question 16

Common species

Answer 16

High Biomass, Low impact

Question 17

Population

Answer 17

group of individuals of a single species that can and do mate with each-other. (live in a given area)

Question 18

Gene

Answer 18

location on a chromosome - locus codes for a specific polypeptide

Question 19

Alleles

Answer 19

Different versions of a gene

Question 20

Gene pool

Answer 20

the number and frequency of alleles in the population.

Question 21

Genotype

Answer 21

what alleles are present

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

the expression of the genotype

Question 23

Polymorphic genes

Answer 23

genes with more than one allele

Question 24

Evolution

Answer 24

change over time in the genetic composition (frequency of alleles) of populations

Question 25

heritable traits

Answer 25

traits passed onto the next generation

Question 26

Differential reproductive success

Answer 26

success of individuals with varied traits

Question 27

Relative fitness

Answer 27

not just how many offspring, more offspring than others produce

Question 28

Genetic drift

Answer 28

change in the frequency of alleles due to sampling. affects small populations more

Question 29

Population bottleneck

Answer 29

Big population - bottleneck - small population - big population with less diversity.

Question 30

founder effect

Answer 30

colonization of a small non varied group of a population.

Question 31

Geneflow

Answer 31

movement of alleles in or out of a population changes frequency over time.

Question 32

Does natural selection decrease or increase variation

Answer 32

decrease

Question 33

does genetic drift +/- gentic varation

Answer 33

decrease

Question 34

gene flow +/- genetic variation

Answer 34

increase

Question 35

Species

Answer 35

groups of natural populations that interbreed or could interbreed under natural conditions but are relatively isolated from other groups.

Question 36

Barcode DNA

Answer 36

DNA analysis process

Question 37

Cryptic Species

Answer 37

one form of different species looks the same

Question 38

Speciation

Answer 38

the formation of new species

Question 39

Sympatric speciation

Answer 39

overlapping ranges

Question 40

Allopatric speciation

Answer 40

Separate

Question 41

Evolutionary radiations

Answer 41

High rate of speciation, island immigrants may expand their realized niche.

Question 42

Fundamental niche

Answer 42

what could the species do without limiting factors

Question 43

Patterns of biodiversity

Answer 43

increases as you get closer to the equator