Chapter 2: Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
how can an area be named a biodiversity hotspot
- contain 1500 endemic vascular plant species
- lost 70% or more of it’s natural vegetation
define species
a group of morphologically similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
define ecosystem
all the abiotic factors and the biotic factors and the ways they interconnect to form a self sustaining unit
explain the three levels of biodiversity
genetic diversity: all the different genes in a species gene pool
species diversity: all the different species in an ecosystem
ecosystem diversity: all the different ecosystems in a region
what is the biological species model and what are it’s limitations
species can interbreed and produce viable fertile offspring
this cannot be applied to fossils
explain what spatial and temporal is
these are both used to measure biodiversity
spatial is measuring the movement of organisms or their distribution
temporal is measuring at different times
name the taxa from largest to smalled
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
why are eukaryotes different to prokaryotes
eukaryotes have DNA and have organelles within their cells. Prokaryotes do not
which kingdoms come under Eukarya and which come under Prokarya
Eukarya: fungi, animalia, plantae, Protista
Prokarya: bacteria, archaea
define taxonomic level
a rank in a taxonomical hierarchy e.g class, phylum, order
describe the three ways organisms are classified
physical characteristics - hair colour, bipedal, size
methods of reproduction - asexual, externally fertilised eggs
molecular sequences - amino acid chain cytochrome c defines how proteins are coded
what are the similarities and differences between the three types of mammals
placental: long gestational period - foetus develops inside mother
marsupial: born early with little development, has a pouch where they are nurtured until they are mature enough
monotremes: lay eggs
what are three defining factors of porifera + example
- asymmetrical
- water filled cavities
- sessile (attached to something)
sea sponge
what are three defining factors of porifera + example
-radially symmetrical
-simple net like nervous system
-mostly aquatic
man-o-war jellyfish
what are three defining factors of platyhelminths + example
-bilaterally symmetrical
-flattened body shape
-mouth but no anus (blind gut)
flatworms
what are three defining factors of Mollusca + example
-bilaterally symmetrical
-muscular foot for locomotion
-body lacks a cavity
octopus
what are three defining factors of Annelida + example
-bilaterally symmetrical
-through gut
-closed circulatory system
earthworms
what are three defining factors of Nematoda + example
-bilaterally symmetrical
-cylindrical shape
-found mostly in aquatic environments
what are three defining factors of Arthropoda + example
-exoskeleton
-bilaterally symmetrical
-segmented
scorpion
what are 3 defining factors of Echinodermata + example
-five rayed symmetry, radial or bilateral
-no head
-thin epidermis covering exoskeleton
starfish
what are three defining factors of Chordata + example
-mostly vertebrates
-dorsal nerve cord
-bilaterally symmetrical
humans
what are bryophytes + example
-no vascular system
mosses
what are pteridophytes + examples
-vascular
-spores
ferns
what are gymnosperms + example
-cones
-pollen and seeds
-vascular
conifers
