Chapter 2: Biology, Behavior & Thought

Question 1

Biopsychosocial System

Answer 1

Means that understanding behavior requires study of interactions among biological, psychological and social systems

Question 2

Neural Plasticity

Answer 2

To be movable or changeable

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

Receives messages from other cells, works like a mailbox

Question 4

Terminal Branches of Axon

Answer 4

Form junctions with other cells

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands

Question 6

Neural Impulse

Answer 6

To have action potential

Question 7

Cell Body

Answer 7

The cell’s life support center

Question 8

Myelin Sheath

Answer 8

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
Ex. Multiple sclerosis

Question 9

Chemical info goes…

Answer 9

IN

Question 10

Electrical info…

Answer 10

PASSES THROUGH

Question 11

Multipolar neuron

Answer 11

Motor neuron, meaning that it assists with mobility

Question 12

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Answer 12

Plays a role in learning and memory as well as in motor movement and muscle contractions

Question 13

Dopamine

Answer 13

-Related to movement, reward and pleasure systems
- the learning can be hijacked

Question 14

What disease is an example of having too much dopamine?

Answer 14

Schizophrenia

Question 15

Endorphins

Answer 15

-Naturally occurring opiates (painkillers) that are produced in the brain
- can also be hijacked

Question 16

Agonist

Answer 16

-Anything that will increase neurotransmitters action
- usually used in the form of medication

Question 17

Antagonist

Answer 17

-Anything that will decrease the neurotransmitters action
- usually used in the form of medication

Question 18

Nervous System

Answer 18

A electrochemical communication network consisting of all nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems, basically a giant feedback system

Question 19

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 19

Anything of the brain and spinal cord

Question 20

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 20

Anything outside of the CNS, nerves that connect to the arms, legs and organs

Question 21

Autonomic (automatic)

Answer 21

Self regulated actions that are out of a persons control, unconscious

Question 22

Somatic

Answer 22

• bodily influence
• broken into 2 parts of sensory input and motor output

Question 23

Sympathetic (arousing)

Answer 23

• dilated pupils, this happens because you can perceive more visual stimuli
• accelerated heartbeat
• inhibit digestion
• adrenaline produced
• relaxed bladder

Question 24

Parasympathetic (calming)

Answer 24

-pupils contract
- slower heartbeat
- regulate digestion
- bladder contracts

Question 25

Why do people with trauma often need therapy?

Answer 25

Because either the parasympathetic or the sympathetic sides are inbalanced so therapy helps to rebalance them, essentially 2 sides of the same coin and hardly compete

Question 26

Sensory INput

Answer 26

Things coming into your body and brain, taking IN information

Question 27

Motor OUTput

Answer 27

Controls skeletal muscles

Question 28

Sensory Neuron

Answer 28

Sensory information coming in, about 2 million of these in the body

Question 29

Motor Neuron

Answer 29

Motor output/movement, also about 2 million in the body

Question 30

Interneurons

Answer 30

- BILLIONS in the body - adaptive for us, activated in fail/save situations, survival mechanism - live in a portion of the spinal cord and will instinctively take over so that information doesn’t need to be processed by the brain first

Question 31

Endocrine System

Answer 31

A slow chemical and feedback system of communication, partners with the nervous system

Question 32

Pituitary Gland

Answer 32

The master gland that is in charge of all other glands

Question 33

Lesion

Answer 33

To kill or damage something

Question 34

EEG

Answer 34

Measures electroactivity in the brain and measures brain waves, can also see a reduction. Most commonly used for people who experience seizures

Question 35

MRI

Answer 35

A picture in time

Question 36

FMRI

Answer 36

A video that tells you what part of the brain is using more or less than usual, a con is that it is very expensive

Question 37

Hindbrain

Answer 37

- most primitive part of the brain - the first thing built in the utero - made up of the brain stem and spinal cord - works like a elevator system

Question 38

Medulla

Answer 38

- at the base of the brainstem - regulates hear rate and breathing - if you damage this you most likely will not live