Chapter 2 Body Structure, Color, and Oncology Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
Cell
A
Basic unit of all living things
2
Q
Tissue
A
Similar cells that perform a specific task
3
Q
Organ
A
Two or more kinds of tissue that together to perform special body functions. ex - skin
4
Q
System
A
A group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions. ex - cardiovascular system
5
Q
Cell Membrane
A
Boundary of a cell
6
Q
Cytoplasm
A
Makes up the body of a cell
7
Q
Nucleus
A
Structure in center containing chromosomes
8
Q
Chromosomes
A
46 in human cells except for mature sex cell, which has 23
9
Q
Genes
A
Regions within the chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics
10
Q
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
A
Each gene is composed of DNA, a chemical that regulates the activities of the cell
11
Q
Muscle Tissue
A
Produces movement
12
Q
Nervous Tissue
A
Conducts impulses to and from the brain
13
Q
Connective Tissue
A
Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures
14
Q
Epithelial Tissue
A
Found in the skin and lining of the blood vessels
15
Q
5 Cavities of the Body Structure
A
- Cranial
- Spinal
- Thoracic/chest
- Abdominal
- Pelvic
16
Q
Cranial Cavity
A
Space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain
17
Q
Spinal Cavity
A
Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord
18
Q
Thoracic/Chest Cavity
A
Space containing the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi
19
Q
Abdominal Cavity
A
Space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters
20
Q
Pelvic Cavity
A
Space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the large intestine, rectum
21
Q
aden/o
A
gland
22
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
23
Q
epitheli/o
A
epithelium
24
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
25
hist/o
tissue
26
kary/o
nucleus
27
lip/o
fat
28
my/o
muscle
29
neur/o
nerve
30
organ/o
organ
31
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
32
system/o
system
33
viscer/o
internal organs
34
cancer/o,
| carcin/o
cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells)
35
eti/o
cause (of disease)
36
gno/o
knowledge
37
iatr/o
physician, medicine (also means treatment)
38
lei/o
smooth
39
onc/o
tumor, mass
40
path/o
disease
41
rhabd/o
rod-shaped, striated
42
somato/o
body
43
chlor/o
green
44
chrom/o
color
45
cyan/o
blue
46
erythr/o
red
47
leuk/o
white
48
melan/o
black
49
xanth/o
yellow
50
dia-
through, complete
51
dys-
painful, abnormal, difficult, labored
52
hyper-
above, excessive
53
hypo-
below, incomplete, deficient, under
54
meta-
after, beyond, change
55
neo-
new
56
pro-
before
57
-al, -ic, -ous
pertaining to
58
-cyte
cell
59
-gen
substance or agent that produces or causes
60
-genic
producing, originating, causing
61
-genesis
origin, cause
62
-logist
one who studies and treats (physician, specialist)
63
-logy
study of
64
-megaly
enlargment
65
-oid
resembling
66
-oma
tumor, swelling
67
-osis
abnormal condition
68
-pathy
disease
69
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
70
-plasm
growth, substance, formation
71
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
72
-sis
state of
73
-stasis
control, stop, standing
74
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of the glandular tissue
75
adenoma
tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)
76
carcinoma (CA)
cancerous tumor (malignant)
77
chloroma
tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue)
78
epithelioma
tumor composed of the epithelium (maybe benign or malignant)
79
fibroma
tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) (benign)
80
fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue)
81
leioyoma
tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)
82
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth muscle
83
lipoma
tumor composed of fat (benign tumor)
84
liposarcoma
malignant tumor of fat
85
melanocaracinoma
cancerous black tumor (malignant)
86
melanoma
black tumor (primarily of the skin)
87
myoma
tumor composed of muscle (benign)
88
neoplasm
new growth (of abnormal tissue, benign, or malignant)
89
neuroma
tumor composed of nerve (benign)
90
rhabdomyoma
tumor composed of striated muscle (benign)
91
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of striated muscle
92
sarcoma
tumor of connective tissue (such bone or cartilage; highly malignant
93
cytogenic
producing cell
94
cytoid
resembling a cell
95
cytology
study of cells
96
cytoplasm
cell substance
97
dysplasia
abnormal development
98
epithelial
pertaining to epithelium
99
erythrocyte (RBC)
red (blood) cell
100
erthrocytosis
increase in number of red blood cells
101
histology
study of tissue
102
hyperplasia
excessive development (number of cells)
103
hypoplasia
incomplete development (of an organ or tissue(
104
karyocyte
cell with a nucleus
105
karyoplasm
substance of a nucleus
106
leukocyte (WBC)
white (blood) cell
107
leukocytosis
increase in the number of white (blood) cells
108
lipoid
resembling fat
109
myopathy
disease of the muscle
110
neuroid
resembling a nerve
111
organomegaly
enlargement of an organ
112
somatic
pertaining to the body
113
somatogenic
originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychogenic)
114
somatopathy
disease of the body
115
somatoplasm
body substance
116
systemic
pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)
117
visceral
pertaining to the internal organ
118
cancerous
pertaining to cancer
119
carcinogen
substance that causes cancer
120
carcinogenic
producing cancer
121
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration, especially of the skin, caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood)
122
diagnosis (Dx)
state of complete knowledge (the art of identifying a disease based on the patients signs, symptoms, and test results
123
etiology
study of causes (of diseases)
124
iatrogenic
produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physican)
125
iatrology
study of medicine
126
metastasis (METS)
beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors)
127
onocogenic
causing tumors
128
oncologist
physician who studies and treats (malignant) tumors
129
oncology
study of tumors
130
organic
pertaining to an organ
131
pathogenic
producing diseases
132
pathologist
physician who studies diseases
133
pathology
study of disease
134
prognosis (Px)
state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease based on the patients signs, symptoms, and test results
135
xanthochromic
pertaining to yellow color
136
xanthosis
abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)
137
benign
not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery
138
carcinoma in siu
cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
139
chemotherapy (chemo)
treatment of cancer with drugs
140
exacerbation
increase in severity of disease or its symptoms
141
idiopathic
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
142
inflammation
response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
143
in vitro
within a glass, observable within a test tube
144
in vivo
within the living body
145
malignant
tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer
146
morbidity
state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population
147
mortality
state of being moral (death); incidence of the number of deaths in a population
148
radiation therapy (RT)
treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance
149
remission
improvement or absence of signs of disease
150
Singular endings & plural endings
- a , -ae
- ax, -aces
- is, -es
- ix, -ices
- ma, -mata
- nx, -nges
- on, -a
- sis, -ses
- um, -a
- us, -i
- y, -ies
151
CA
Carcinoma
152
chemo
chemotherapy
153
Dx
diagnosis
154
METS
metastases
155
Px
prognosis
156
RBC
red blood cell (erythrocyte)
157
XRT
radiation therapy
158
WBC
white blood cell (leukocyte)
