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Life science > Chapter 2 Book 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Book 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Virus

A

A tiny nonliving particle that enters and the reproduces inside a living cell

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2
Q

Host

A

An organism that provides a source of energy for a virus or another organism

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3
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives on or in a host and causes it harm

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4
Q

Vaccine

A

A substance introduced in the body to help produce chemicals that destroy certain viruses.

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5
Q

Protist

A

Eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi

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6
Q

Protozoans

A

Animal-like protists

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7
Q

Pseudopods

A

Temporary bulges of the cell

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8
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

A structure that collects and expels excess water form the cell

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9
Q

Cilia

A

Hairlike projections beat with a wavelike motion, moving the organism

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10
Q

Algae

A

Plant-like protists

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11
Q

Pigments

A

Chemicals that produce color

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12
Q

Spore

A

A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

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13
Q

Nonvascular plants

A

Low-growing, have thing cell walls, and do not have roots for absorbing water from the ground

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14
Q

Rhizoids

A

Thin rootlike structures

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15
Q

Vascular plants

A

Plants with true vascular tissue

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16
Q

Phloem

A

Vascular tissue through which food moves

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17
Q

Xylem

A

Water and minerals travel through this vascular tissue

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18
Q

Fronds

A

Divided into many smaller kart that look like small leaves

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19
Q

Pollen

A

Tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells

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20
Q

Seed

A

A structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering

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21
Q

Gymnosperm

A

A seed plant that produces naked seeds

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22
Q

Angiosperms

A

(Also known as flowering plants) share two important characteristics

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23
Q

Cotyledon

A

Seed leaf

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24
Q

Monocots

A

Angiosperms that have only one seed leaf

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25
Dicots
Produce seeds with two seed leaves
26
Root cap
Protects the root form injury as the root grows throug | the soil
27
Cambium
Divides to produce new phloem and xylem that makes up most of wood
28
Stomata
Openings or pores
29
Transpiration
The process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves
30
Embryo
The young plant that develops from the zygote (fertilized egg)
31
Germination
Occurs when the embryo begins to grow again an pushes out of the seed
32
Flower
The reproductive structure of an angiosperm
33
Pollination
The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures
34
Sepals
Leaflike structure that surrounds a bud
35
Petals
Leaflike structures that poke out of the sepals when it has been broken as the flower blooms Generally the most colorful part of the flower
36
Stamens
The male reproductive parts
37
Pistils
The female parts
38
Ovary
Protects the seeds as they develop
39
Sporophyte
(Stage) a plant produces spores
40
Gametophyte
(Stage) a plant produces two kinds of sex cells: sperm cells and egg cells
41
Annuals
Flowering plants that produce a life cycle within one growing season
42
Biennials
Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years
43
Perennials
Flowering plants that live or more than two years
44
Fertilization
Occurs when a perm cell unites with an egg cell
45
Zygote
The fertilized egg
46
Cones
Reproductive structures that gymnosperms have
47
Ovule
A structure that contains an egg cell
48
Fruit
As a seed develops, the ovary changes into a fruit
49
Tropism
A plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus
50
Hormone
Produced by. A plant is a chemical that affects how the plant grows and develops
51
Auxin
An important plant hormone
52
Photoperiodism
A plant’s response to seasonal changes in the length fight and day
53
Critical night length
Some plants will only bloom when the night lasts a certain length of time
54
Dormancy
A period when an organism’s growth or activity stops
55
Peat
Over time, mosses become compressed into layers and form blackish-brown material (peat)
56
Cnidarians
Invertebrates that aging stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity
57
Mollusks
Invertebrates with soft, unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard shell
58
Arthropods
Invertebrates that have outer coverings, segmented bodies, and pairs of jointed appendages
59
Exoskeleton
Outer skeleton
60
Echinoderm
An invertebrate that has an internal skeleton and system of fluid-filled tubes
61
Endoskeleton
An internal skeleton
62
Fish
A vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move
63
Cartilage
A tissue more flexible than bone
64
Amphibian
A vertebrate that is ectothermic and spends its early life in water and its adult life on land
65
Reptile
An ectothermic vertebrate that has scaly skin and lungs and lay eggs on land
66
Bird
An endothermic vertebrate that lays eggs and has feathers and has a four-chambered heart
67
Mammals
Endothermic vertebrates that have skin covered wit fur or fair and has a four-chambered heart
68
Mammary glands
Milk produced by organs
69
Monotremes
Vertebrates that lay eggs
70
Marsupials
Born at an early stage of development, and try usually continue to develop in a pouch on the mother’s body
71
Placental mammal
Develops inside its mother’s body until its body systems can function independently
72
Placenta
Materials are exchanged between the mother and the embryo through an organ called the placenta

Life science (10 decks)

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