Chapter 2 Brain & Nervous System Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is a neuron?
A cell that receives signals from other neurons or sense organs, processes them & Sends the signal to other neurons, muscles, or organs.
What is a sensory neuron?
A neuron that responds to input from sensory organs.
What is a motor neuron?
A neuron that sends signals to muscles to control movement.
What is an interneuron?
A neuron that is only connected to other neurons.
What is a brain circuit?
Set of neurons that affect one another.
List the major parts of a neuron:
- Cell body (Soma) - processing part
- Dendrite - receiving part
- Axon - transmitting part
- Terminal Buttons - when triggered releases chemical neurotransmitters
- Synapse - space between the axon and the dendrite of another neuron
List some major neurotransmitters:
- Acetylcholine (ACH)
- Dopamine (DA)
- Noradrenaline (NA)
- Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)(5HT)
- GABA (Gamma aminobutric acic)
- Endogenous cannabinoids
- Glutamate
- Beta-Endorphin
Acetylcholine is 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Muscle action & Memory
2) -Delusions (shortage)
- Convulsions, Spasms, tremors (excess)
- Alzheimers
Dopamine is 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Motivation, Reward, Movement, Thought, Learning
2) -Depression, ADHD (shortage)
- Aggression, schizophrenia (excess)
- Parkinsons
Noradrenaline is 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Dreaming, Attention
2) -Depression, Fatigue, Distractability (shortage)
- Anxiety, Headache, schizophrenia (excess)
Serotonin is 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Primary inhibitor - Regulates mood & Sleep
2) -OCD, Depression, Insomnia (shortage)
- sleepyness, Lack of motivation (excess)
GABA is 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Inhibits sending neuron- Brain function, Sleep
2) -Anxiety, Panic, Epilepsy (shortage)
- sluggishness, Lack of motivation (excess)
- Huntingtons Disease
Endogenous Cannabinoids are 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Memory, attention, emotion, movement control, appetite
2) -Chronic pain (shortage)
-Memory & attention problems, eating disorders,
schizophrenia (excess)
Glutamate is 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Memory, Learning
2) Increased Learning, Enhanced memory
Beta- Endorphin is 1) associated with:
and 2) symptoms and disorders are:
1) Pain, Pleasure
2) Decreased Anxiety, decreased tension
The central nervous system(CNS) consists of:
The brain and the spinal cord.
The Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) controls:
The smooth muscles and some glandular functions.
What are smooth muscles?
Heart, blood vessels, stomach lining & intestines
1)What does the Sympathetic nervous system do and 2)what are the signs?
1) Prepares the body for fight or flight
2) Faster Heartbeat, Dry Mouth, Dilated pupils, Sweaty palms, inhibited stomach activity, relaxed bladder.
What does the Parasympathetic nervous system do?
Counters the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. (slower, one organ at a time)
What does the Sensory-Somatic nervous system (SSNS) do?
Conveys information to the brain and triggers striated muscles and glands
What is a reflex?
An automatic response that bypasses the brain.
List the four major lobes of the brain:
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Occipital
What does the corpus callosum do?
Connects the two brain hemispheres.
