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EKG Class > Chapter 2: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Action Potential

A

a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane

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2
Q

AV Node

A

electrical relay Station between the upper and lower Chambers of the heart.

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3
Q

Atrium

A

one of the 2 upper Chambers in the heart that recieves blood from the circulatory System

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4
Q

Automaticity

A

the property of Cardiac cells to generate Spontaneous action potientals

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5
Q

Bachmann’s Bundle

A

a musclar bundle composed of parallel muscle Strands connecting the left & right atria & serving as the primary electrical connection between lert and right atria

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6
Q

Bundle Branches

A

Offshoots of the bundle of His in the hearts ventricles.

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7
Q

Bundle of His (AV bundle)

A

an elongated segment connecting the AV node and Left and right bundle branches of septal crest

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8
Q

Complexes

A

atrial or ventricular contractions as they appear on ECG; complete ECG wave forms.

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9
Q

Conductivity

A

the capicity of a compound to convey energy like Skin, thermal, or electrical conduction.

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10
Q

Contractility

A

the ability of the heart to eject a Stroke volume at a given arterial pressure and preload

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11
Q

coronary Circulation

A

the movement of blood throughout the vessels that supply the myocardium (heart muscle).

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12
Q

Depolarization

A

when change occurs within a Cell that causes the distribution of electric charges to alter leaving the cell with a less negative charge than the outside

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13
Q

Diastole

A

when the heart muscle relaxes and the Filling or chambers with blood.

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14
Q

Excitability

A

allowing the cell to respond to Stimulation by rapid changes in membrane potential produced by ion fluxes across the plasma membrane

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15
Q

Interval

A

The period of time between two activites within the heart.

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16
Q

Ischemia

A

a condition in which blood flow is restricted or reduced in a part of the body.

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17
Q

Isoelectric

A

relating to or being a Flatline on an electrophalogram lndicating a lack of electrical brain activity.

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18
Q

Parasympathic

A

a network of nerves that relaxes your body arter periods or stress or danger.

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19
Q

Pericardium

A

a membrane, or sac the surrounds your heart.

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20
Q

Polarization

A

a membrane that has a positive electrical charge on one side and negative on another side.

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21
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Specialized conducting fibers composed of electrically excitable cells.

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22
Q

Purkinje Network

A

a crucial component in electrical excitation of human heart

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23
Q

Repolarization

A

the process of restoring the polarized condition across the plasma membrane of a Cell.

24
Q

Segment

A

a portion of a larger body, set off by natrual established boundaries.

25
Q

SA Node

A

generates an electrical signal that causes upper chambers to contract.

26
Q

Sympathetic

A

a network or nerves that helps your body activate It “flight or fight” response

27
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

the circut of vessels supplying oxgenated blood to and returning deoxygenated blood from the Tissues.

28
Q

Systole

A

period of contraction of the ventricle of the heart that occurs between the first & second heart Sounds of the cardiac cycle.

29
Q

Cardiac Septum

A

a wall of tissue that elivicles the right and left sides or the heart.

30
Q

Interartial septum

A

the portion of the Cardiac septum which divides ine right + left atria.

31
Q

What do the different sides of ventricles do?

A

the left pumps blood to the whole body while the right pumps only to the lungs.

32
Q

Pericardium

A

fluid sac the provide lubrication for the heart and helps to protect from lnfection & tramua

33
Q

What are the 3 different layers of the heart?

A

Outer layer-Epicardium
Middle layer- Myocardium
Inner Layer- Endocardium

34
Q

What are the functions of the heart?

A

pumps bloods, Supplies nutrients and oxygen, Removes carbon dioxide and waste.

35
Q

What does Circulation depend on?

A

electrical activity of the heartand the ability of the hear t to contract.

36
Q

What is the average beats per minute for heart?

A

72 beats per min

37
Q

What is the average and total output of the heart?

A

Average: 70 ml
Total: 52 per min

38
Q

periadal

A

tough outer layer or the pericardium.

39
Q

Visceral

A

(epicardium) adheres closely to the heart.

40
Q

Percardial Space

A

between the parietal and the viser al layers of the heart and contain 10-20 fluid and purpose to Cushion heart against tramua

41
Q

Epicardium

A

contains coronary arteries.

42
Q

Myocardium

A

the muscular layer

43
Q

Endocardium

A

lines the inner Surfaces of the heart chambers and the valves.

44
Q

Stroke volume

A

the amount or blood ejected with each contraction.
blood Volume increases heart rate decreases

45
Q

What varies Stroke volume?

A

gender size, physical fitness, disease and genetics.

46
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of low cardiac output?

A

Pale, confusion, Low BP, complain of nausea, & dizziness.

47
Q

equation for Cardiac Output

A

HR×SV =CO

48
Q

Sympathetic branch

A

secretes norepinprine, increases the HR & contractiblity

49
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Secretes acetylcholine, decreases HR by stimulating vagnus nerve

50
Q

What are the factors of HR?

A

Excercise, stress, Body temperature, Blood pressure, and electrolight levels

51
Q

potassium

A

not enough- HR decreases
Too much-cause dysrhythmias

52
Q

calcium

A

Not enough-depress heart activity
Too much-longer heart contraction

53
Q

Pathways of conduction

A

SA Node- Bachmann’s Bundle-AV Node- Bundle of His-Bundle Branches- Purkinje fibers.

54
Q

Atrial Kick

A

addtional blood that travel from the atria to the ventricles before they contract as a electrical delay caused by the AV Node.

55
Q

ECG Waveform

A

Recorded depolarization and repolarization, isoelectric line/ baseline.

56
Q

What are the elements of a ECG Waveform ?

A

P, Q, R, S, T waves
QRS complex, PR interval, QT interval.

EKG Class (2 decks)

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