chapter 2 cell

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

Process of building up large proteins from small proteins pieces called amino acids ana- means up, bol means to cast and -ism mean process

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

process where complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and ism is process

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. Its determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There is 46 chromosomes 23 pairs) in every cell except sperm and egg which are 23.

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Chemical found with in chromosomes. arranged like sequence of a recipe in code it directs the activities of the cell

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

network of canals with in the cytoplasm of the cells. Here the large proteins are made from smaller proteins pieces

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

regions of DND within each chromosome

Question 9

karyotype

Answer 9

Picture classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Question 10

metabolism

Answer 10

total of the chemical process in the cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. meta- means change, bol means cast, and -ism means process

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy miniature power plants for the cell. catabolism is the process that occurs in the mitochondria mitos meaning thread and chondrion meaning granule think of might mitochondria!

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

Control centre of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Question 13

digestive

Answer 13

mouth, pharynx( throat), esophagus), stomach, intestines small and large, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Question 14

urinary or excretory

Answer 14

kidney, ureters (tubes from kidney to urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra

Question 15

respiratory

Answer 15

nose, pharynx, larynx ( voice box) trachea ( wind pipe) bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchanges of gases take place

Question 16

Reproductive

Answer 16

Female : ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Males: testes, and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Question 17

endocrine

Answer 17

Thyroid gland ( in neck), pituitary ( in base of brain), sex glands (Ovaries and testes) adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans) parathyroid glands

Question 18

nervous

Answer 18

brain, spinal cord, nerves and collections of nerves

Question 19

circulatory

Answer 19

heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Question 20

musculosketal

Answer 20

muscles bones and joints

Question 21

skin and sense organs

Answer 21

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous (oil) glands, eye, ear, nose, and tongue

Question 22

adipose tissue

Answer 22

collection of fat cells

Question 23

cartilage

Answer 23

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

Question 24

epithelial cells

Answer 24

skin cells the cover outside of body and line internal surfaces of organs

Question 25

histologist

Answer 25

specialist in the study of tissues

Question 26

larynx

Answer 26

voice box located above the trachea think laryngitis which inflammation of voice box

Question 27

pharynx

Answer 27

throat, serves as a common passageway for the food

Question 28

pituitary gland

Answer 28

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 29

thyroid

Answer 29

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 30

trachea

Answer 30

windpipe leads from throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes

Question 31

ureter

Answer 31

one of the two tubes each leading from the single kidney to the bladder

Question 32

urethra

Answer 32

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 33

uterus

Answer 33

womb organ that holds the embryo/ fetus as it develops

Question 34

viscera

Answer 34

internal organs in the main cavities of the body especially in the abdomen

Question 35

Cavity Cranial

Answer 35

brain, pituitary gland

Question 36

cavity thoracic

Answer 36

lungs, hear, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta divided into two smaller cavities pleural cavity and the mediastinum

Question 37

pleural cavity

Answer 37

space surrounding each lung double membraned surrounds lungs and protects them if inflamed can be filled with fluid.

Question 38

mediastinum

Answer 38

centrally located outside and between lungs contains, heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes and many lymph nodes

Question 39

abdominal cavity

Answer 39

the peritoneum double folded membrane surrounding abdominal cavity attaches to the organs and muscles hold in place has stomach pancreas live gallbladder

Question 40

pelvic cavity

Answer 40

portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder urethra ureters uterus and vagina in the female.

Question 41

spinal

Answer 41

nerves of the spinal cord