Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Molecular Bio > Chapter 2 Chemical Components of Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Chemical Components of Cells Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Methyl group

A

-CH3
- non polar hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydroxyl Group

A

-OH
-alcohols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carboxyl Group

A

-COOH
-weak acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbonyl Group

A

C=O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carbonyl Group Types

A
  • Ketone
    -Aldehyde
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ketone

A

internal carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aldehyde

A

terminal carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amino Group

A

-NH2
- weak base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amide Group

A

O=C-NH2
- carboxyl+amine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phosphate Group

A

-PO3
ester and anhydrides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sulfhydryl Group

A

-SH
- forms disulfide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

-nonpolar
- don’t form hydrogen bonds
-generally insoluble in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do amines react in water?

A

combine with H+ ion to become positively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do amides react in water?

A

amides are uncharged in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acid Anhydride

A

phosphate+carboxyl group
- high energy bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phosphoanhydride Bond

A

-found in ATP
- high energy bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Top 3 contributors to the weight of a cell

A
  1. Water
  2. Macromolecules
  3. Phospholipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carbohydrates

A

-monosaccharides make up polysaccharides
- general formula (CH2O)n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of polysaccharides

A
  • stores of chemical energy
  • durable biological structural materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Beta-glucose structure and pattern

A

down up down up ( OH groups)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alpha glucose structure and pattern

A

down up down down ( OH group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

condensation

A
  • water is released
  • create macromolecules
  • anabolic reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hydrolysis

A

-water is consumed
- breaks down macromolecules
- catabolic process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Glycosidic Bond

Study These Flashcards
A

bond between carbon 1 and carbon 4 of another sugar

25
Maltose
Glucose + Glucose
26
Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose
27
Starch
1-4 linkage of 4 alpha glucose molecules
28
Cellulose
1-4 linkage of 4 beta glucose molecules - oxygens alternate up and down
29
Fatty Acids and Lipids
- insoluble in water - formed by condensation reactions
30
Fatty Acid and Lipids Function
- Structural: cell membranes - Energy Storage: triacylglycerols.
31
Fatty Acids
long, unbranched hydrocarbon chains with single carboxyl group on the end - amphipathic - typically an even # of carbons
32
How do fatty acids act in water ?
either form a surface film or form a small micelle
33
How are fatty acids stored as an energy reserve
through an ester linkage to glycerol which forms triacylglycerol (fat)
34
Unsaturated Fat
cis double bond which causes bending - not solid at room temperature
35
cis double bond
hydrogens are on the same side
36
trans fat
hydrogen on opposite sides
37
Effect of high trans fats
- membrane becomes less fluid - clog arteries
38
Amino Acid Example of a polar group
serine
39
Hydrocarbon tails formula
-(CH2)n-CH3
40
Function of Amino Acids and Proteins
- Enzymatic -Signaling -Structural
41
Amino Acids
Monomer subunit of proteins 20 amino acids
42
Where does amino acid functionality come from
side groups - acidic or basic -polar or nonpolar
43
MEMORIZE STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACIDS
amino group + side chain+ carboxyl group
44
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
- DNA and RNA - formed by condensation reactions
45
Function of Nucleotides and nucleic acids
- nucleotides function as energy carriers - nucleotides function as signaling molecules - DNA and RNA function to store and transmit( express) genetic information
46
Nucleotide
base+pentose+phosphate
47
Nucleoside
base + pentose
48
Phosphodiester linkage
joins nucleotides to form nucleic acids - condensation reaction
49
Structural polarity of Nucleic acids
5' end - free phosphate group 3' end - free hydroxyl group
50
Watson and Crick
DNA is a double helix antiparallel 10.5 bases/ turn
51
A +T or U
- two hydrogen bonds - less stable
52
G + C
- three hydrogen bonds - more stable
53
Purines
adenine and guanine
54
Pyrimadines
Thymine, Uracil , Cytosine
55
DNA Sugar
2- Deoxyribose
56
RNA Sugar
Ribose
57
DNA Function
Genetic information storage
58
RnA function
Genetic Expression, storage
59
what specifies structure
non covalent bonds and intramolecular interactions

Molecular Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions