Chapter 2: Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

The subatomic particle with the least mass ______

a. carries a negative charge
b. is found only in the nucleus
c. plays no part in the atom’s chemical reactions
d. none of these answers are correct
e. carries a positive charge

Answer 1

a. carriers a negative charge

Question 2

A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is

a. neutral
b. acidic
c. alkaline
d. in equilibrium
e. basic

Answer 2

a. neutral

Question 3

How many electrons are in the innermost energy level shell of the oxygen atom?

a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 2
e. none of these answers are correct

Answer 3

d. 2

Question 4

The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom’s outer energy level (valence shell) determines the atom’s _________

a. atomic number
b. atomic weight
c. molecular weight
d. chemical properties
e. none of these answers are correct

Answer 4

d. chemical properties

Question 5

The smallest stable units of matter are:

a. electrons
b. molecules
c. protons
d. atoms
e. neutrons

Answer 5

d. atoms

Question 6

Which of the following statements about water is not correct?

a. water has relatively low heat capacity
b. water contains weak hydrogen bonds and strong covalent bonds
c. water is composed of polar molecules
d. water contains hydrogen bonds
e. water can dissolve many substances

Answer 6

a. water has relatively low heat capacity

Question 7

A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bonded together is called a(n)

a. mixture
b. isotope
c. molecule
d. solution
e. compound

Answer 7

e. compound

Question 8

Isotopes of an element differ from each other in the number of ________

a. electrons in the outer shells
b. protons in the nucleus
c. neutrons in the nucleus
d. all of these answers are correct

Answer 8

c. neutrons in the nucleus

Question 9

The oxygen isotope O18 has

a. an atomic number of 18
b. 10 protons
c. 8 neutrons
d. 10 neutrons
e. 10 electrons

Answer 9

d. 10 neutrons

Question 10

Radioisotopes have unstable

a. protons
b. nuclei
c. electron clouds
d. isotopes
e. ions

Answer 10

b. nuclei

Question 11

The hydrogen bonding that occurs in water is responsible for all of the following except _______

a. the high boiling point of water
b. the surface tension of water
c. the ability of water to dissolve inorganic salts
d. the ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances
e. the low freezing point of water

Answer 11

d. the ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances

Question 12

Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule?

a. 1 glycerol molecules
b. 3 fatty acid molecules
c. 3 glycerol molecules and 3 fatty acids molecules
d. one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

Answer 12

d. one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

Question 13

The speed, or rate, of a chemical reaction is always influenced by ________
*select all correct answer(s)

a. the presence of the sun
b. the temperature
c. the presence of catalysts
d. the concentration of the reactants

Answer 13

b, c, d
the temperature, presence of catalysts, concentration of reactants

Question 14

A fatty acid that contains 2 or more double covalent bonds is said to be

a. monounsaturated
b. polyunsaturated
c. saturated
d. hydrogenated
e. polysaturated

Answer 14

b. polyunsaturated

Question 15

In an exergonic reaction ___________
*select all correct answer(s)

a. energy is released during the reaction
b. molecules move from reactants to products and back
c. small molecules are assembled into larger ones
d. molecules are rearranged to form new molecules
e. large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Answer 15

a, e.
energy is released during the reaction, large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Question 16

A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is

a. sucrose
b. fructose
c. glycogen
d. cellulose
e. starch

Answer 16

c. glycogen

Question 17

A pH of 7.8 in the human body typifies a condition referred to as __________

a. dehydration
b. homeostasis
c. alkalosis
d. hydration
e. acidosis

Answer 17

c. alkalosis

Question 18

The reaction A + B + Energy -> AB is an example of a(n)?

a. endergonic reaction
b. exchange reaction
c. decomposition reaction
d. equilibrium reaction
e. exergonic reaction

Answer 18

a. endergonic reaction

Question 19

All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except:

a. lower the activation energy required for a reaction
b. are consumed during the reaction
c. function as biological catalysts
d. are proteins
e. affect only the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 19

b. are consumed during the reaction

Question 20

All the chemical reactions that occur in the human body are collectively referred to as _________

a. exergonic
b. catabolism
c. homeostasis
d. anabolism
e. metabolism

Answer 20

e. metabolism

Question 21

Match the term with the correct definition for: compound

a. two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds
b. two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

Answer 21

a. two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds

Question 22

Match the term with the correct definition for: molecule

a. two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds
b. two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

Answer 22

b. two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

Question 23

The following equation is an example of which type of reaction? LM → L + M + Energy

a. equilibrium
b. synthesis reaction
c. decomposition reaction
d. exchange reaction

Answer 23

c. decomposition reaction

Question 24

Match the terms to the correct definitions

CH4, O2, NaCl

a. example of an organic compound
b. example of an inorganic compound

Answer 24

CH4: a
O2: b
NaCl: b

Question 25

Which of the following often dissociates completely in water, releasing cations and anions? a. buffers b. weak acids c. weak bases d. salts e. sugars

Answer 25

d. salts

Question 26

Mass number is defined as a. total number of electrons and neutrons in an atom b. total number of electrons and protons in an atom c. total number of protons and neutrons in an atom d. total number of protons in an atom

Answer 26

c. total number of protons and neutrons

Question 27

What is the most common high energy compound in the cell? a. red bull b. adenosine c. AMP d. ADP e. ATP

Answer 27

e. ATP

Question 28

Why are hydrogen, lithium, and sodium classified as reactive elements? a. they are elements with filled innermost energy levels b. they are elements with full valence shells c. they are elements with unfilled valence shells d. they are elements that do not readily participate in chemical processes

Answer 28

c. they are elements with unfilled valence shells

Question 29

Which subatomic particle has the smallest mass and a charge that is labeled "negative"? a. nucleus b. neutron c. electron d. proton e. dark matter

Answer 29

c. electron

Question 30

Which is a characteristic of hydrophobic molecules? a. they have positive and negative poles b. they form hydration spheres when exposed c. they have very few or no polar covalent bonds d. they have many polar covalent bonds e. they are organic

Answer 30

c. they have very few or no polar covalent bonds

Question 31

Which of the following is a balanced equations? a. 2H2 + 2O2 -> 2H20 b. 2Na + Cl -> NaCl c. 2H2 + O2 -> 2h20 C. 2Ca2 + 4Cl -> 2CaCl

Answer 31

c. 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O

Question 32

An acid would most likely disrupt and sterilize a protein by a. causing the protein to be excreted from the body b. breaking apart the covalent bonds of the protein c. making a diseased prion take on the form of a healthy protein d. changing the shape of the protein

Answer 32

d. changing the shape of the protein

Question 33

What type of bond is involved in the formation of a water molecule? a. peptide bonds b. double covalent bonds c. ionic bonds d. polar covalent bonds

Answer 33

d. polar covalent bonds

Question 34

Sodium hydroxide is a strong __________, which releases sodium ions and hydroxide ions a. buffer b. salt c. base d. acid

Answer 34

c. base

Question 35

Which type of bond between water molecules creates the surface tension of water? a. covalent bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. ionic bonds d. peptide

Answer 35

b. hydrogen bonds

Question 36

Which complementary base pairing is unique to RNA a. C-G b. G-G c. A-T d. A-U

Answer 36

d. A-U

Question 37

Steroids, which all share the same carbon-ring framework but differ in functional groups that are attached to the base ring structure, are an example of ______ a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. nucleic acids d. lipids

Answer 37

d. lipids

Question 38

The three dimensional folding shape of a protein is most determined by a. covalent bonds b. high-energy bonds c. dehydration synthesis d. hydrogen bonds

Answer 38

d. hydrogen bonds

Question 39

What is defined as a sheath of water molecules around an ion in solution? a. a colloid b. a crystal c. a hydration sphere d. a suspension

Answer 39

c. a hydration sphere

Question 40

Which pH has the highest concentration of hydrogen ion (H+)? a. 7 b. 2 c. 5 d. 14

Answer 40

b. 2