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Biology > Chapter 2: Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

The ability to do work. Living things obtain this through either sunlight or from the food they consume

A

Energy

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3
Q

All the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain and use energy

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

A chemically pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down. Made up and defined by a single type of atom

A

Element

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5
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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6
Q

The smallest unit of an element that cannot be chemically broken down into smaller units

A

Atom

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7
Q

An inorganic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits

A

Protein

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8
Q

A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

A

Proton

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9
Q

A molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other

A

Polar molecule

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10
Q

A molecule that has a carbon based backbone and at least one C-H bond

A

Organic molecule

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11
Q

A molecule that lacks a carbon based back bone and a C-H bond

A

Inorganic

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12
Q

A negatively charged subatomic particle that has neglible mass

A

Electron

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13
Q

One chemical subunit of a polymer

A

Monomer

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14
Q

Organic molecules mad up of linked nucleotide subunits

A

Nucleic acid

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15
Q

Large organic molecules that make up living organisms including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

A

Macromolecules

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16
Q

A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

A

Hydrogen bond

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17
Q

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution making them more basic

A

Base

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18
Q

The building block or monomer of a carbohydrate

One sugar carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharide

19
Q

Lipid that forms the cell membrane

A

Phospholipid

20
Q

An organic molecule made up of one or more sugars

A

Carbohydrate

21
Q

“Water fearing” repel water will not dissolve in water

A

Hydrophobic

22
Q

“Water loving” molecules dissolve in water (attract water)

A

Hydrophilic

23
Q

Water molecules stick to other surfaces through hydrogen bonds

A

Adhesion

24
Q

A dissolved substance

A

Solute

25
Q

A molecule made up of individual subunits called monomers linked linked together in a chain

A

Polymer

26
Q

Atoms linked by covalent bonds

A

Molecules

27
Q

A protein only infectious agent

A

Prion

28
Q

An electrically uncharged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

A

Neutron

29
Q

Organic molecules that generally repel water

A

Lipid

30
Q

The basic structural unit of living organisms

A

Cell

31
Q

A mixture of solute and a solvent

A

Solution

32
Q

The building block or monomer of a protein

A

Amino acid

33
Q

Water molecules sticking to other water molecules through hydrogen bonds

A

Cohesion

34
Q

The building block or monomer of a nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide

35
Q

A strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one to another

A

Ionic bond

36
Q

An electrically charged atom the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons

A

Ions

37
Q

Multiple linked sugars

A

Polysaccharide

38
Q

A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

A

pH

39
Q

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions making them more acidic

A

Acid

40
Q

A substance in which other substances can dissolve

A

Solvent

41
Q

The dense core of an atom

A

Nucleus

42
Q

A strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms

A

Covalent bond

43
Q

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that form the boundary of all cells

A

Cell membrane

44
Q

An infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information

A

Virus

Biology (3 decks)

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