Chapter 2: Chemistry

Question 1

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

The ability to do work. Living things obtain this through either sunlight or from the food they consume

Answer 2

Energy

Question 3

All the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain and use energy

Answer 3

Metabolism

Question 4

A chemically pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down. Made up and defined by a single type of atom

Answer 4

Element

Question 5

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 5

Matter

Question 6

The smallest unit of an element that cannot be chemically broken down into smaller units

Answer 6

Atom

Question 7

An inorganic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits

Answer 7

Protein

Question 8

A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 8

Proton

Question 9

A molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other

Answer 9

Polar molecule

Question 10

A molecule that has a carbon based backbone and at least one C-H bond

Answer 10

Organic molecule

Question 11

A molecule that lacks a carbon based back bone and a C-H bond

Answer 11

Inorganic

Question 12

A negatively charged subatomic particle that has neglible mass

Answer 12

Electron

Question 13

One chemical subunit of a polymer

Answer 13

Monomer

Question 14

Organic molecules mad up of linked nucleotide subunits

Answer 14

Nucleic acid

Question 15

Large organic molecules that make up living organisms including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Answer 15

Macromolecules

Question 16

A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

Answer 16

Hydrogen bond

Question 17

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution making them more basic

Answer 17

Base

Question 18

The building block or monomer of a carbohydrate

One sugar carbohydrate

Answer 18

Monosaccharide

Question 19

Lipid that forms the cell membrane

Answer 19

Phospholipid

Question 20

An organic molecule made up of one or more sugars

Answer 20

Carbohydrate

Question 21

“Water fearing” repel water will not dissolve in water

Answer 21

Hydrophobic

Question 22

“Water loving” molecules dissolve in water (attract water)

Answer 22

Hydrophilic

Question 23

Water molecules stick to other surfaces through hydrogen bonds

Answer 23

Adhesion

Question 24

A dissolved substance

Answer 24

Solute

Question 25

A molecule made up of individual subunits called monomers linked linked together in a chain

Answer 25

Polymer

Question 26

Atoms linked by covalent bonds

Answer 26

Molecules

Question 27

A protein only infectious agent

Answer 27

Prion

Question 28

An electrically uncharged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 28

Neutron

Question 29

Organic molecules that generally repel water

Answer 29

Lipid

Question 30

The basic structural unit of living organisms

Answer 30

Cell

Question 31

A mixture of solute and a solvent

Answer 31

Solution

Question 32

The building block or monomer of a protein

Answer 32

Amino acid

Question 33

Water molecules sticking to other water molecules through hydrogen bonds

Answer 33

Cohesion

Question 34

The building block or monomer of a nucleic acid

Answer 34

Nucleotide

Question 35

A strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one to another

Answer 35

Ionic bond

Question 36

An electrically charged atom the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons

Answer 36

Ions

Question 37

Multiple linked sugars

Answer 37

Polysaccharide

Question 38

A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

Answer 38

pH

Question 39

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions making them more acidic

Answer 39

Acid

Question 40

A substance in which other substances can dissolve

Answer 40

Solvent

Question 41

The dense core of an atom

Answer 41

Nucleus

Question 42

A strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms

Answer 42

Covalent bond

Question 43

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that form the boundary of all cells

Answer 43

Cell membrane

Question 44

An infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information

Answer 44

Virus