Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Hebrews 3:4

Answer 1

For every house is built by someone but God is the builder of everything

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

takes up space and mass

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

substance that can’t be broken down

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

2 or more different elements combined

Question 5

Mixture

Answer 5

Elements and compounds not chemistry bound

Question 6

Elements of Life

Answer 6

Necessary for life and reproduction

Question 7

Trace Elements

Answer 7

elements required in minute qualities

Question 8

Atom

Answer 8

Smallest unit of matter

Question 9

Proton

Answer 9

+ charge

Question 10

Neutron

Answer 10

neutral

Question 11

Electron

Answer 11

• charge

Question 12

Mass Number

Answer 12

protons and neutrons

Question 13

Atomic #

Answer 13

protons only

Question 14

Atomic Mass

Answer 14

mass of an atom, very close to mass #

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Different atomic forms of the same element differing in the # of neutrons

Question 16

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 16

Nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy

Question 17

Potential Energy

Answer 17

energy matter possesses

Question 18

Electron Shell

Answer 18

Ring of electrons

Question 19

Valence Electrons

Answer 19

outermost ring

Question 20

Covalent Bonds

Answer 20

shares a pair of electrons and strongest chemicals bond

Question 21

Molecules

Answer 21

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 22

Valence Capacity

Answer 22

of electrons required to complete a valence shell

Question 23

Non Polar

Answer 23

No pull

Question 24

Single Bond

Answer 24

pair of shared electrons

Question 25

Double Bond

Answer 25

Sharing 2 pairs of electrons

Question 26

Electronegativity

Answer 26

Atoms attraction for electrons

Question 27

Van Der Waals Interactions

Answer 27

+/- charge that enables all atoms to stick together

Question 28

Non Polar Covalent

Answer 28

Equal electronegativity of shared electrons

Question 29

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 29

Unequal electronegativity resulting in tugging

Question 30

Ionic Bonds

Answer 30

2 opposite charged electrons, 1 gives up electrons to another

Question 31

Ions

Answer 31

Opposite charged atoms of molecules

Question 32

Cation

Answer 32

Loss of electrons resulting in charge

Question 33

Anion

Answer 33

Gain of electrons resulting in - charge

Question 34

Ionic Compounds

Answer 34

Chemically bound substances formed from ionic bonds

Question 35

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 35

Weak covalent bonds

Question 36

Chemical Reactions

Answer 36

Change in the composition of matter by making and breaking chemical bonds

Question 37

Reactants

Answer 37

Starting material

Question 38

Products

Answer 38

Resulting material

Question 39

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 39

Reactants and products have a stabilized ratio

Question 40

Cohesion

Answer 40

Sticking together due to hydrogen bonds

Question 41

Adhesion

Answer 41

One substance clinging to another substance

Question 42

Surface Tension

Answer 42

How difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Question 43

Temperature Modulation

Answer 43

Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat with only slight changes in its own temperature

Question 44

Kinetic Energy

Answer 44

Energy of motion

Question 45

Thermal Energy

Answer 45

Energy an object possesses from movement

Question 46

Temperature

Answer 46

Average kinetic energy of molecules in a body of matter

Question 47

Heat

Answer 47

Thermal energy transferred from 1 body of matter to another

Question 48

Specific Heat

Answer 48

Amount of heat that must be absorbed to change temperature

Question 49

Evaporative Cooling

Answer 49

Less energy, less heat, lower temperature

Question 50

Evaporation

Answer 50

Liquid to gas

Question 51

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 51

Heat needed to change a liquid to a gas

Question 52

Freezing Expansion

Answer 52

Less dense

Question 53

Solvent of Life

Answer 53

Chemical reactions in organisms involve solutes dissolved in water

Question 54

Solution

Answer 54

Homogenous mixture of 2 or more

Question 55

Solvent

Answer 55

Dissolving agent

Question 56

Solute

Answer 56

Substance being dissolved

Question 57

Aqueous Solution

Answer 57

Mixture or solution where water is the solvent

Question 58

Hydrogen Shell

Answer 58

Sphere of water molecules

Question 59

Hydrophilic

Answer 59

Water loving

Question 60

Hydrophobic

Answer 60

Water fearing

Question 61

Solute Concentrate

Answer 61

How many atoms or molecules are involved in a reaction

Question 62

Hydrogen Ion

Answer 62

H+, single proton with a charge of +1

Question 63

Hydroxide Ion

Answer 63

OH-, Water molecule that has lost a proton -1 charge

Question 64

Hydronium Ion

Answer 64

H3O+, extra proton from H+

Question 65

Acid

Answer 65

Increases H+ concentration in a solution

Question 66

Base

Answer 66

Reduces H+ concentration

Question 67

Basic Solution

Answer 67

Higher concentration of OH- than H+

Question 68

Neutral Solution

Answer 68

H+ and OH- are equal

Question 69

PH Scale

Answer 69

Most convenient way to measure acidity

Question 70

Buffers

Answer 70

Minimizes changes in H+ and OH-, usually a weak acid or base