Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Living Things

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution

Question 2

Amino Acids

Answer 2

Small molecular units that make up protein molecules

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

Smallest piece of an element

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

Chemical compound yielding hydroxyl ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water

Question 5

Buffer

Answer 5

A compound that maintains the chemical balance in a living organism

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

An organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch

Question 7

Chemical Bond

Answer 7

Bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements

Question 8

Chemistry

Answer 8

Study of the structure of matter and the composition of substances, their proprieties, and their chemical reactions

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

A a steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues

Question 10

Covalent Bond

Answer 10

Type of bond in which the atoms share electrons to fill the outermost shell or levels

Question 11

Protein Synthesis

Answer 11

Production of protein by the cells that are essential to life

Question 12

Proton

Answer 12

A subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of an atom

The proton has a positive charge

Question 13

Radioactive

Answer 13

Capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation

Question 14

Ribonucleic Acid

or

RNA

Answer 14

Type of nuclei acid

Question 15

Steroids

Answer 15

Lipids or fats that contain cholesterol

Question 16

Triglycerides

Answer 16

Also called fats, consists of glycerol and fatty acids, makes up 95% of fats in the human body

Question 17

Organic Compound

Answer 17

Compound that contains the element carbon

Question 18

pH Scale

Answer 18

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 19

Phospholipids

Answer 19

Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

Question 20

Polysaccharide

Answer 20

A complex sugar

Question 21

Potential Energy

Answer 21

Energy stored in cells waiting to be released

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

An organic compound containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and most times - phosphorus and sulfur

Protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue

Question 23

Matter

Answer 23

Anything that has weight and occupies space

Question 24

Molecule

Answer 24

The smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound

Question 25

Monosaccharide

Answer 25

Simple sugar; glucose

Question 26

Multicellular

Answer 26

Many called

Question 27

Neutralization

Answer 27

Process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water

Question 28

Neutron

Answer 28

A subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of an atom; it has no electric charge

Question 29

Nucleic Acid

Answer 29

Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 30

Organic Catalyst

Answer 30

A substance that effects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed

Question 31

Alkali

Answer 31

A substance that, when dissolved in water, ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal

Question 32

Unicellular

Answer 32

Composed of one cell

Question 33

Dehydrated

Answer 33

An abnormal depletion of body fluids

Question 34

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 34

Occurs when water is removed from a molecule: the molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process

Question 35

Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA

Answer 35

A nucleic acid contains the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 36

Disaccharide

Answer 36

Double sugar

Question 37

Electrolytes

Answer 37

Electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance

Question 38

Electron

Answer 38

A subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells. An electron has a negative charge

Question 39

Element

Answer 39

Made up of like atoms; substance that can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 40

Energy

Answer 40

Ability to do work

Question 41

Enzymes

Answer 41

Organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction

Question 42

Extracellular fluid

Answer 42

Fluid outside of a cell

Question 43

Fats or triglycerides

Answer 43

Compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 44

Glycogen

Answer 44

Polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver

Question 45

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 45

Bond that holds water molecules together by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive hydrogen atom of another

Question 46

Hydrolysis

Answer 46

Occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic

Question 47

Hydroxide

Answer 47

One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

Question 48

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 48

Lymph Fluid; fluid between the tissue

Question 49

Ion

Answer 49

An electrically charged atom

Question 50

Ionic bond

Answer 50

Bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom

Question 51

Isotopes

Answer 51

Atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 52

Kinetic Energy

Answer 52

Work resulting in motion

Question 53

Lipid

Answer 53

Fatty compound

Question 54

Compounds

Answer 54

Elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a new substance