Chapter 2 Concept Questions

Question 1

Liquid is one of the ______ states which is used to classify microbial media.

Answer 1

physical

Question 2

Media that contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable are called ______ or nonsynthetic.

Answer 2

complex

Question 3

Media with a firmness midway between that of a broth (a liquid medium) and an ordinary solid medium are called ______ media.

Answer 3

semisolid

Question 4

Select all that apply

Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following?

☐Blood and serum

☐Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts

☐Sodium chloride

☐Disodium hydrogen phosphate

☐Cell secretions

Answer 4

☑Blood and serum

☑Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts

☑Cell secretions

Question 5

The polysaccharide found in a sea alga that is commonly used to prepare solid culture media is called ______.

Answer 5

agar

Question 6

DNA detection technologies have shown that there are ______ microbes that we don’t know how to cultivate in the lab than those we do.

Answer 6

many more

Question 7

Select all that apply

Which of the following attributes make agar an ideal solidifying agent for culturing media?

Multiple select question.

☐It is solid at room temperature.

☐It is readily available but expensive.

☐It is a nutrient for many microbes.

☐It holds moisture and nutrients.

Answer 7

☑It is solid at room temperature.

☑It holds moisture and nutrients.

Question 8

Select all that apply

General purpose media ______.

Multiple select question.

☐include nutrient agar and broth

☐usually contain a mixture of nutrients

☐grow a broad spectrum of microbes

☐include Mannitol salt and MacConkey agar

☐are usually non-synthetic

☐are usually chemically defined synthetic media

Answer 8

☑include nutrient agar and broth

☑usually contain a mixture of nutrients

☑grow a broad spectrum of microbes

☑are usually non-synthetic

Question 9

Which of the following media can be described precisely as to its chemical content?

Multiple choice question.

○Defined

○General purpose

○Brain-Heart Infusion Broth

○Complex

Answer 9

●Defined

Question 10

Sabouraud’s agar restricts the growth of bacteria and is an example of a 1.[ ] medium, whereas Mannitol salt agar can determine which species of Staphylococcus is present, making it an example of a 2.[ ] medium.

Answer 10

1. Selective
2. Differential

Question 11

Select all that apply

Which types of media contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined?

Multiple select question.

☐Complex

☐Chemically defined

☐Synthetic

☐Blood agar

Answer 11

☑Complex
☑Blood agar

Question 12

Which term describes a discrete mound of cells growing on a solid nutrient surface?

Multiple choice question.

○ petri dish

○ assay medium

○ mixed culture

○ colony

Answer 12

●colony

Question 13

All of the following are media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined EXCEPT

○ serum

○ blood

○ meat extracts or infusions

○ sodium chloride

Answer 13

●sodium chloride

Question 14

“Inspection” begins the process using the Five “I” procedure for culturing microorganisms.

○True
○False

Answer 14

●False

Question 14

Given the vast diversity of microbes in nature, _____ microbes can be cultured on artificial medium.

Multiple choice question.

○most

○all

○some

Answer 14

●some

Question 15

Which type(s) of organisms are usually observed with light microscopes?

Multiple choice question.

○Prions

○Arthropods

○Bacteria

○Viruses

Answer 15

●Bacteria

Question 16

General purpose media are characterized by ______.

Multiple choice question.

○allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes

○containing only one nonsynthetic nutrient

○being synthetic and chemically definable

Answer 16

●allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes

Question 17

Selective media cannot be differential.

○True
○False

Answer 17

False

Question 18

For a light microscope, the lens that is normally located directly above the stage is called the ______ lens.

Answer 18

objective

Question 19

When adequately separated from other cells, an individual bacterial cell can grow into a discrete mound of cells called a(n)

Answer 19

colonies

Question 20

Select all that apply

The total power of magnification of the final image is a product of the separate powers of which two microscope components?

Multiple select question.

☐objective lens

☐aperture

☐diaphragm

☐condenser

☐ocular lens

Answer 20

☑objective lens

☑ocular lens

Question 21

[ ] is part of the Five I’s of culturing microorganisms and is based on visual observations of microscopic and macroscopic growth characteristics.

Answer 21

Inspection

Question 22

This image of a Paramecium was obtained using _____ microscopy.

○bright-field

○dark-field

○fluorescence

○scanning electron

Answer 22

●bright-field

Question 23

The ______ microscope is used to visualize most types of bacteria.

○electron

○light

○atomic force

Answer 23

●light

Question 24

Select all that apply The techniques used to prepare specimens for optical microscopy depend on ______. Multiple select question. ☐The number of microbes present ☐The type of microscopy available ☐The aims of the examiner ☐The condition of the specimen

Answer 24

☑The type of microscopy available ☑The aims of the examiner ☑The condition of the specimen

Question 25

To which part of the microscope is the arrow pointing? Multiple choice question. ○objective lens ○coarse adjustment knob ○ocular lens

Answer 25

●objective lens

Question 26

A specimen for [ ] microscopy is generally prepared first by placing a sample on a glass slide.

Answer 26

light or optical

Question 27

The total power of magnification is calculated by the product of the separate powers of the 1.[ ] lens and the 2.[ ] lens.

Answer 27

1.ocular 2.objective

Question 28

Visualization of living, motile cells can be achieved using a(n) [ ] mount.

Answer 28

wet

Question 29

Which type of microscopy was used to obtain this image of a Paramecium? Multiple choice question. ○dark-field ○scanning electron ○bright-field ○fluorescence

Answer 29

●dark-field

Question 30

Select all that apply A hanging drop slide is used to assess which of the following? Multiple select question. ☐Motility ☐Ability to ferment lactose ☐Size of cells ☐Ability to retain dye

Answer 30

☑Motility ☑Size of cells

Question 31

The aims of the examiner, such as whether to observe overall structure or to observe motility, influence the manner in which specimen is prepared for optical microscopy. ○True ○False

Answer 31

●True

Question 32

Spreading a thin film made from a liquid suspension of cells on a slide and air drying it are steps involved in making a [ ]

Answer 32

smear or fixed smear

Question 33

General purpose media are characterized by ______. Multiple choice question. ○allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes ○containing only one nonsynthetic nutrient ○being synthetic and chemically definable

Answer 33

●allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes

Question 34

To simultaneously kill and secure a specimen to the glass slide, [ ] is used in smear preparation.

Answer 34

heat fixation

Question 35

A specimen for optical microscopy is generally prepared first by ______. Multiple choice question. ○mounting the sample on a glass slide ○killing the sample ○using a fixative on the sample ○staining the sample in solution

Answer 35

●mounting the sample on a glass slide

Question 36

The procedure that involves applying colored chemicals (dyes) to specimens is called [ ]

Answer 36

staining

Question 37

A wet mount is suitable for observing ______. Multiple choice question. ○dry, motile or non-motile cells ○living, motile or non-motile cells ○stained, motile or non-motile cells

Answer 37

●living, motile or non-motile cells

Question 38

Select all that apply Which three of the following are needed to prepare a hanging drop slide? Multiple select question. ☐A coverslip ☐Metal coating ☐A depression slide ☐An anionic dye ☐A standard glass slide ☐Sealant

Answer 38

☑A coverslip ☑A depression slide ☑Sealant

Question 39

Select all that apply What is involved in making a smear? Multiple select question. ☐Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide ☐Applying a liquid suspension to a cover slip ☐Staining the slide background and then applying cells ☐Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide

Answer 39

☑Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide ☑Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide

Question 40

Select all that apply Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is used for ______. Multiple select question. ☐making a more permanent mount for long-term study ☐simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide ☐drying the liquid used to make the smear ☐highlighting cell structure for observation ☐preserving various cellular components in a natural state

Answer 40

☑making a more permanent mount for long-term study ☑simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide ☑preserving various cellular components in a natural state

Question 41

Any procedure that applies colored chemicals to specimens is called ______. Multiple choice question. ○marking ○staining ○fixing ○shadowing

Answer 41

●staining