Chapter 2 Defenitions

Question 1

Constant

Answer 1

Describes values that cannot be changed during an execution of an application

Question 2

Literal constant

Answer 2

A value that is taken literally at each use

Question 3

Numeric constant

Answer 3

A number whose value is taken literally at each use

Question 4

Unnamed constant

Answer 4

Has no identifier associated with it

Question 5

Variable

Answer 5

Named memory location that you can use to store a value

Question 6

Data type

Answer 6

The type of data that can be stored there, how much memory it occupies, and what type of operations can be performed on the data

Question 7

Primitive type

Answer 7

a simple data type, For Java these are byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean

Question 8

Reference type

Answer 8

Complex data types that are constructed from primitive types

Question 9

Variable declaration

Answer 9

statements that reserves a named memory location

Question 10

Strongly typed language

Answer 10

One in which each variable has a well-defined type that limits the operations you can perform with it; implies that variable must be declared before use

Question 11

Camel casing

Answer 11

Style in which an identifier begins with a lowercase letter and subsequent words with the identifier are capitalised

Question 12

Assignment operator

Answer 12

The equal sign (=); any value to the right of the equal sign is assigned to the variable to the left of the equal sign

Question 13

Initialisation

Answer 13

Is an assignment made when you declare a variable

Question 14

Assignment

Answer 14

The act of providing a value for a variable

Question 15

Associativity

Answer 15

Refers to the order in which the operands are used with the operators

Question 16

lvalue

Answer 16

An expression that can appear on the left side of an assignment statement

Question 17

rvalue

Answer 17

An expression that can appear on the right side of an assignment statement

Question 18

uninitialised variable

Answer 18

one that has not been assigned to a value

Question 19

garbage value

Answer 19

unknown value stared in a uninitialised variable

Question 20

named constant

Answer 20

named memory location whose assigned value cannot change during program execution

Question 21

symbolic constant

Answer 21

a named constant

Question 22

The keyword ‘final’

Answer 22

To indicate something is a named constant declaration

Question 23

blank final

Answer 23

final variable that has not yet been assigned a value

Question 24

magic number

Answer 24

A value that does not have an immediate, intuitive meaning or number that cannot be explained without additional knowledge = unnamed constant

Question 25

Scope of a data item

Answer 25

the area in which it is visible to a program and in which you can refer to it using its simple identifier

Question 26

block of scope

Answer 26

code contained between a set of curly braces

Question 27

Concatenated

Answer 27

Describes values that are attached end to end

Question 28

null string

Answer 28

an empty string created by typing a set of quotes with nothing between them

Question 29

integer

Answer 29

a whole number without decimal places

Question 30

byte

Answer 30

very small integers -128 - 127

Question 31

short

Answer 31

small integers -32768 - 32767

Question 32

long

Answer 32

very large integers

Question 33

lossy conversion

Answer 33

conversion in which some data is lost

Question 34

lossless conversion

Answer 34

conversion in which no data is lost

Question 35

boolean variable

Answer 35

can hold only true or false values

Question 36

relational operator

Answer 36

compares two items; always has a boolean value

Question 37

comparison operator

Answer 37

relational operator

Question 38

Floating -point

Answer 38

number that contains decimal positions

Question 39

a float data type

Answer 39

can hold a floating point value of up to 6 or 7 significant digits of accuracy

Question 40

double data type

Answer 40

can hold a floating point value of up to 14 or 15 significant digits of accuracy

Question 41

significant digits

Answer 41

the mathematical accuracy of a value

Question 42

char data type

Answer 42

holds a single character

Question 43

String

Answer 43

Java class that provides you with the means for storing and manipulating character strings

Question 44

escape sequence

Answer 44

begins with a backslash followed by a character; the pair represents a single character

Question 45

Standard input device

Answer 45

the keyboard

Question 46

token

Answer 46

a unit separated with whitespace

Question 47

prompt

Answer 47

a message that requests and describes user input

Question 48

Echoing the input

Answer 48

means to repeat the user's entry as output so the user can visually confirm the entry's accuracy

Question 49

keyboard buffer/type-ahead buffer

Answer 49

a small area of memory where key strokes are stored before they are retrieved into a program

Question 50

To consume an entry

Answer 50

is to receive and discard it without using it

Question 51

input dialog box

Answer 51

Asks a question and provides a text field in which the user can enter a response

Question 52

Type-wrapper classes

Answer 52

contained in java.lang package, includes methods that can process primitive data type values

Question 53

parse

Answer 53

break into component parts

Question 54

confirm dialog box

Answer 54

Displays the options; Yes, No and Cancel

Question 55

Standard arithmetic operators

Answer 55

are used to perform calculations with values

Question 56

operand

Answer 56

A value used in an arithmetic statement

Question 57

Binary operators

Answer 57

require 2 operands

Question 58

Floating-point division

Answer 58

is the operation in which 2 values are divided and either both or are floating- point values

Question 59

Integer division

Answer 59

is the operation in which 2 values are divided and either both or are integers, the result contains no fractional part

Question 60

The remainder operator

Answer 60

Is the percent sign; when it is used with two integers, the result is an integer with the value of the remainder after devision takes place

Question 61

Modulus operator

Answer 61

Abbreviated as mod, alternative name for remainder operator

Question 62

Operator precedence

Answer 62

the rules for the order in which parts of a mathematical expression are evaluated

Question 63

Type conversion

Answer 63

the process of converting one data type to another

Question 64

unifying type

Answer 64

is a single data type to which all operands in an expression are converted

Question 65

implicit conversion

Answer 65

automatic transformation of one data type to another

Question 66

Promotion

Answer 66

implicit conversion

Question 67

Type casting

Answer 67

Forces a value of one data type to be used as a value of another type

Question 68

Cast operator

Answer 68

performs an explicit type conversion; it is created by placing the desired result type in parentheses before the expression to be converted

Question 69

explicit conversion

Answer 69

is the data type transformation caused using a cast operator

Question 70

unary cast operator

Answer 70

A more complete name for the cast operator that performs explicit type conversions

Question 71

unary operator uses how many operands?

Answer 71

uses only one operand