Chapter 2 definitions

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contains the regions of DNA called genes.

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Chemical found within each chromosome

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

networks of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 8

Genes

Answer 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

Question 9

Karyotype

Answer 9

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

Total of the chemical processes in a cell

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Rod shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

Control center of the cell

Question 13

Adipose tissue

Answer 13

Collection of fat cells

Question 14

Cartilage

Answer 14

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at the joint

Question 15

Epithelial cells

Answer 15

Skin cells that cover the outside of body and line the internal surfaces of organs

Question 16

Histologist

Answer 16

Specialist in the study of tissues

Question 17

Larynx

Answer 17

Voice box; located above the trachea

Question 18

Pharynx

Answer 18

Throat

Question 19

Pituitary gland

Answer 19

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 20

Thyroid gland

Answer 20

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 21

Trachea

Answer 21

Windpipe

Question 22

Ureter

Answer 22

One of two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 23

Urethra

Answer 23

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 24

Uterus

Answer 24

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 25

Viscera

Answer 25

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

Question 26

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 26

Space below the chest containing the organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

Question 27

Cranial Cavity

Answer 27

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

Question 28

Diaphragm

Answer 28

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavitites

Question 29

Dorsal

Answer 29

Pertaining to the back.

Question 30

Mediastinum

Answer 30

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Question 31

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 31

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

Question 32

Peritoneum

Answer 32

Double- folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.

Question 33

Pleura

Answer 33

Double- folded membrane surrounding each lung.

Question 34

Pleural Cavity

Answer 34

Space between the pleural layers

Question 35

Spinal cavity

Answer 35

Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord.

Question 36

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 36

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs.

Question 37

Ventral

Answer 37

Pertaining to the front.

Question 38

Pleural effusion

Answer 38

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 39

Ascites

Answer 39

Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 40

hypochondriac

Answer 40

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

Question 41

epigastric

Answer 41

Middle upper region above the stomach

Question 42

Lumbar

Answer 42

right and left middle regions near the waist

Question 43

umbilical

Answer 43

central region near the navel

Question 44

inguinal

Answer 44

right and left lower regions near the groin

Question 45

hypogastric

Answer 45

middle lower region below the umbilical region

Question 46

Vertebra

Answer 46

single backbone

Question 47

Vertebrae

Answer 47

backbones

Question 48

Spinal Column

Answer 48

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Question 49

Spinal cord

Answer 49

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Question 50

disc

Answer 50

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Question 51

Anterior

Answer 51

Front surface of the body

Question 52

Deep

Answer 52

Away from the surface

Question 53

Distal

Answer 53

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Question 54

Frontal plane

Answer 54

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Question 55

Inferior

Answer 55

Below another structure: pertaining to the lower portion of the body

Question 56

Lateral

Answer 56

Pertaining to the side

Question 57

Medial

Answer 57

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

Question 58

Posterior

Answer 58

Back surface of the body

Question 59

prone

Answer 59

lying on the belly

Question 60

Proximal

Answer 60

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Question 61

Sagittal plane

Answer 61

dividing right from left

Question 62

Superficial

Answer 62

on the surface

Question 63

Superior

Answer 63

Above another structure; pertaining to the head.

Question 64

Supine

Answer 64

Lying on the back

Question 65

Transverse Plane

Answer 65

Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions