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medical terminology > Chapter 2 Diseases And Disorders: Diagnostic And Therapeutic Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Diseases And Disorders: Diagnostic And Therapeutic Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

The condition of physical, mental, and social well-being and the absence of disease or other abnormal conditions

A

Health

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3
Q

The study of characteristics, causes, and effects of disease

A

Pathology

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4
Q

Adjective that pertains to a condition that is caused by or involves a disease process is called

A

Pathologic

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5
Q

Abnormal process in which aspects of the social, physical, emotional, or intellectual condition or function of a person are diminished or impaired

A

Illness

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6
Q

What is a general term for impairment

A

Disease

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7
Q

What is a specific illness called?

A

A disease or disorder

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8
Q

____ refers to either structurally or functionally abnormal processes, whereas a ___ tends to describe a disruption in function

A

Disease

Disorder

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9
Q

What is defined as a condition of abnormal structure or function of the body?

A

Disease

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10
Q

What is defined as a disruption or interference with normal functions?

A

Disorder

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11
Q

A mental disorder is a disturbance of emotional equilibrium and represents a disturbance in____

A

Function

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12
Q

A disease that only last a short time is a ____disease

A

Acute

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13
Q

It is important to remember that organic diseases, unlike functional disorders, are associated with a demonstrable ___change

A

Physical

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14
Q

Name the classification of diseases according to cause

A

Infectious, genetic, traumatic, degenerative, neoplastic, metabolic, inflammatory

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15
Q

What does degenerative mean when classifying a disease?

A

Deterioration of structure or function

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16
Q

What does neoplastic mean when classifying diseases?

A

Malignancies, abnormal tissue growths or tumors

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17
Q

What are organic diseases associated with?

A

A demonstrable physical change in an organ or tissue for example a tumor

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18
Q

What are functional disorders associated with?

A

They are marked by signs or symptoms but no physical changes (for example most psychological disorders)

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19
Q

How are infectious diseases caused?

A

Disease causing organisms

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20
Q

What is the cause of genetic diseases?

A

Altered or mutated genes, the units of inheritance

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21
Q

What is the cause of degenerative disease?

A

Deterioration of structure or function

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22
Q

What is the cause of metabolic disease?

A

Endocrine and balances or malnutrition

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23
Q

What is the cause of inflammatory disease?

A

Abnormal or prolonged inflammation or auto immunity, altered function of the immune system against one’s own cell

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24
Q

What develops without an apparent or known cause, for example high blood pressure for which there is no known cause

A

Idiopathic disease

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25
Q

Idi(o)

A

Individual

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26
Q

What disorder is an unfavorable response to medical treatment, for example a transfusion reaction

A

Iatrogenic Disorder

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27
Q

What are hospital acquired infections called? For example an infection of a surgical wound

A

Nosocomial infections

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28
Q

Iatr(o)

A

Physician or treatment

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29
Q

Nos(o)

A

Disease

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30
Q

Nosocomial infections was not present or incubating before patients admission to hospital and is acquired ____hours or longer after admission

A

72

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31
Q

Conditions that exist at, or before, birth; for example club foot

A

Congenital

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32
Q

A deviation from what is regarded as normal, especially as a result of congenital defects

A

An anomaly

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33
Q

Aut(o)

A

Self

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34
Q

Bi(o)

A

Life or living

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35
Q

Dipl(o)

A

Double

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36
Q

Gen(o)

A

Beginning or origin

37
Q

Anti-

A

Against

38
Q

Intra-

A

Within

39
Q

Micro-

A

Small

40
Q

-cidal

A

Killing

41
Q

-emia

A

Condition of the blood

42
Q

-gen

A

That which generates

43
Q

-genesis

A

Producing or forming

44
Q

-genic

A

Produced by or in

45
Q

Capable of causing or producing a disease

A

Pathogenic

46
Q

Tiny entities, which may or may not be pathogenic

A

Microorganisms

47
Q

The branch of science concerned with the study of micro organisms, which include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

A

Microbiology

48
Q

If micro organisms are pathogenic they are called what?

A

Pathogens

49
Q

The degree to which microorganisms cause disease is referred to as what?

A

Virulence and pathogenicity

50
Q

What is another word for communicable disease?

A

Contagious disease

51
Q

How are contagious diseases transmitted?

A
  • Directly by contact (discharges or airborn droplets)
  • indirectly via substances (blood borne transmission through contact with blood or body fluids that are contaminated with blood) or inanimate objects such as a contaminated spoon
  • via carriers called vectors (mosquitoes)
52
Q

A contagious disease is also called a

A

Communicable disease

53
Q

Seps(o)

A

Infection

54
Q

Sept(i), sept(o)

A

Infection

55
Q

Bacter(i), bacteri(o)

A

Bacteria

56
Q

Fung(i), myc(o)

A

Fungus

57
Q

Parasit(o)

A

Parasite

58
Q

Staphyl(o)

A

Grapelike cluster, uvula

59
Q

Strept(o)

A

Twisted

60
Q

Vir(o), virus(o)

A

Virus

61
Q

What is an infection?

A

Invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

62
Q

___is an infection which has spread to the circulating blood from an infection in any part of the body

A

Septicemia

63
Q

_____is the presence of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

64
Q

____ is the presence of viruses in the blood

A

Viremia

65
Q

What is a minute microorganism that replicates only within a cell of living plant or animal

A

A virus

66
Q

Small unicellular organisms

A

Bacteria

67
Q

How do microbiologists classify bacteria?

A

According to their shape

68
Q

Three major types of bacteria

A

Cocci, bacilli, or spirilla or spirochetes

69
Q

What is a special staining technique that serves as a primary means of identifying and classifying bacteria?

A

Gram stain

70
Q

What are coiled spiral bacteria called?

A

Spirilla

71
Q

What are rod shaped bacteria called?

A

Bacilli

72
Q

Spherical shaped bacteria are called what?

A

Cocci

73
Q

An often fatal form of food poisoning

A

Botulism

74
Q

Anaerobic

A

Growing in the absence of oxygen

75
Q

Is whooping cough viral or bacterial?

A

Bacterial

76
Q

Is syphilis viral or bacterial?

A

Bacterial

77
Q

Is tetanus viral or bacterial?

A

Bacterial

78
Q

Is COVID-19 viral or bacterial?

A

Viral

79
Q

Is influenza viral or bacterial?

A

Viral

80
Q

Is gentian herpes viral or bacterial?

A

Viral

81
Q

What are microorganisms that feed by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings?

A

Fungi

Yeasts and molds are included in this group

82
Q

What are the simplest organisms of the animal kingdom?

A

Protozoa

83
Q

What is malaria?

A

An infectious illness that infects the blood

84
Q

Four general types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, viruses

85
Q

a.c

A

Before meals (ante cibum)

86
Q

ACS

A

American Cancer Society

87
Q

ad lib.

A

Freely as needed, at pleasure (ad libitum)

88
Q

aq.

A

Water (aqua)

medical terminology (4 decks)

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