Chapter 2 Essential chemistry

Question 0

Stable Atom

Answer 0

Outermost shell is filled to capacity (2 or 8) otherwise unstable

Question 1

Atomic Mass

Answer 1

Number of protons

Question 2

Valence Electrons

Answer 2

Electrons on the outermost shell

Question 3

Electronegativity

Answer 3

Capacity of an atom to pull electrons towards itself

Question 4

Isotope

Answer 4

Form of an element with difference in mass

Question 5

Radioactive Isotope

Answer 5

Nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy

Question 6

Matter

Answer 6

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 7

Element

Answer 7

Pure substance that cannot be separated into a simpler component substance through chemical processes

Question 8

Covalent bonds

Answer 8

Electrons are shared to have a full outer shell

Question 9

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 9

Equal sharing

Question 10

Polar covalent bond

Answer 10

Unequal sharing

Question 11

Ionic bonds

Answer 11

Electrons are lost or gained

Question 12

Cation

Answer 12

Positive

Question 13

Anion

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 14

Attraction between H and O or N

Question 15

A molecules shape determines what

Answer 15

Its function

Question 16

How much water is our body and earth composed of

Answer 16

66% human body weight of water

71% Earths surface

Question 17

Water is required or generated by

Answer 17

Cellular reactions

Question 18

Cohesion

Answer 18

Tendency to stay together

Question 19

Adhesion

Answer 19

Tendency to adhere to a solid

Question 20

Cohesion and Adhesion

Answer 20

Work together to create capillary action

Question 21

Surface tension

Answer 21

Water molecules stay together and do not bond to air

Question 22

Specific heat

Answer 22

Large heat capacity to moderate temperature on land = buffer

Question 23

Low density

Answer 23

Insulator (ex. Ice)

Question 24

Hydrophobic

Answer 24

Repels water

Question 25

Hydrophilic

Answer 25

Attracts water

Question 26

Homestasis

Answer 26

Capacity to keep a stable environment