Chapter 2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience Flashcards
(51 cards)
There has been a long-standing debate on whether humans and other animals inherit their behavioral responses or acquire them through learning. This is called the _______ debate.
nature–nurture
The condition that can result from damage to the right parietal lobe and typically involves a lack of awareness of one’s own body parts (most commonly on the left side) is known as _______.
asomatognosia
Darwin proposed that the striking similarities among living species were evidence that they shared a common _______.
ancestor
Through selective _______ programs, major changes have been made to domestic animals and plants.
breeding
In some species, the _______ male is likely to copulate more and, therefore, pass on his genes to the future
generations.
dominant
One distinctive feature of early Homo species was that they had brains _______ than Australopithecus but _______ than modern humans.
larger, smaller
Incidental nonadaptive evolutionary by-products such as the belly button are called _______.
spandrels
During the course of the vertebrate evolution, birds emerged approximately _______ years ago.
160 million
The overall human brain size does not predict _______.
intelligence
Over millions of years, there has been a remarkable increase in the surface area of the _______, the outmost
layer of the cerebral tissue in humans.
cerebral cortex
Evolutionary psychologists suggest that male–female _______ during copulation ensures that the offspring will survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes to the next generation.
bonding
_______ structures are similar because of convergent evolution.
Analogous
According to Mendel’s experiments, the dominant trait will result in about _______ of the offsprings in the second
generation.
three-quarters
An offspring’s observable traits are called its _______
while its genetic material is referred to as _______.
phenotype, genotype
A single trait is controlled by two expressions of the
same gene called _______.
alleles
Egg and sperm cells are also called _______, and each contains half the usual number of chromosomes.
gametes
During fertilization, the resulting _______ contains a full set of chromosomes.
zygote
The four nucleotide bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and _______.
guanine
Accidental errors in individual genes are called _______.
mutations
_______ are stretches of DNA that control the process of gene expression.
Promoters
_______ mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone remodeling may control gene.
Epigenetic
The shape of DNA can be influenced by the change of shape of the adjacent _______.
histones
All chromosomes except _______ chromosomes come in matched pairs.
sex
The first phase of gene expression involves the
transcription of DNA to RNA, and the second phase involves the _______ of RNA base-sequence code into a sequence of amino acids.
translation
