Chapter 2: Faith, Reason, and the Holy Spirit in Hermeneutics (John T. Baldwin)

Question 1

The… approach [taken in the interpretation of Scripture—as explained by John T. Baldwin—] rests upon __(?)_\_and upon the concept that __(?)_\_. It assumes that __(?)_\_.

Answer 1

The… approach [taken in the interpretation of Scripture—as explained by John T. Baldwin—] rests upon the unity and clarity of the Scriptures as a whole and upon the concept that the entire Bible is the propositional, infallible Word of God. It assumes that what the text meant originally is, in principle, what the text means for us today.

Question 2

Hermeneutics involves a rational process that utilizes the reasoning powers of the human intellect, thereby assigning a central role to human reason in the interpretation of Scripture. However, a series of questions addresses reason and faith as related to hermeneutics. Are the truths __(?)_\_commensurable with the truths __(?)_\_? Is __(?)_\_possible? Moreover, is reason—understood as __(?)_\_—either __(?)_\_or __(?)_\_ in the interpretation of the written Word of God? What effect might __(?)_\_have upon human reason? Moreover, can reason be influenced either positively or negatively by __(?)_\_ perhaps even __(?)_\_?

These issues are so basic that they have received major attention through the Christian era and continue to be vigorously discussed.

Answer 2

Hermeneutics involves a rational process that utilizes the reasoning powers of the human intellect, thereby assigning a central role to human reason in the interpretation of Scripture. However, a series of questions addresses reason and faith as related to hermeneutics. Are the truths open to discovery by reason commensurable with the truths of faith? Is discourse between the two realms possible? Moreover, is reason—understood as the human power to think, to deliberate, to solve problems, to distinguish, to judge, and to choose freely—either a fully trustworthy power or the sole factor in the interpretation of the written Word of God? What effect might sin have upon human reason? Moreover, can reason be influenced either positively or negatively by supernatural powers perhaps even unknown to the interpreter?

These issues are so basic that they have received major attention through the Christian era and continue to be vigorously discussed.

Question 3

Hermeneutics involves a rational process that utilizes the reasoning powers of the human intellect, thereby assigning a central role to human reason in the interpretation of Scripture. However, a series of questions addresses reason and faith as related to hermeneutics…

…does faith—understood as __(?)_\_—play a role in hermeneutics as well? If so, what is its role and how does this kind of faith relate to __(?)_\_ in hermeneutics?

These issues are so basic that they have received major attention through the Christian era and continue to be vigorously discussed.

Answer 3

Hermeneutics involves a rational process that utilizes the reasoning powers of the human intellect, thereby assigning a central role to human reason in the interpretation of Scripture. However, a series of questions addresses reason and faith as related to hermeneutics…

…does faith—understood as a divinely inspired trust in, and commitment to, God and to the canonical Scripture as the authoritative Written Word of God—play a role in hermeneutics as well? If so, what is its role and how does this kind of faith relate to reason in hermeneutics?

These issues are so basic that they have received major attention through the Christian era and continue to be vigorously discussed.

Question 4

Hermeneutics involves a rational process that utilizes the reasoning powers of the human intellect, thereby assigning a central role to human reason in the interpretation of Scripture. However, a series of questions addresses reason and faith as related to hermeneutics.

…are there __(?)_\_to human reason in hermeneutics? If so, __(?)_\_, and __(?)_\_? If __(?)_\_ and __(?)_\_seem to clash regarding a particular interpretation of Scripture, how shall the tension be resolved? Should either __(?)_\_ or __(?)_\_ have the final authority in such instances? If so, on what basis could either be granted final authority?

These issues are so basic that they have received major attention through the Christian era and continue to be vigorously discussed.

Answer 4

Hermeneutics involves a rational process that utilizes the reasoning powers of the human intellect, thereby assigning a central role to human reason in the interpretation of Scripture. However, a series of questions addresses reason and faith as related to hermeneutics.

…are there limits to human reason in hermeneutics? If so, what are they, and upon what are they grounded? If faith and reason seem to clash regarding a particular interpretation of Scripture, how shall the tension be resolved? Should either faith or reason have the final authority in such instances? If so, on what basis could either be granted final authority?

These issues are so basic that they have received major attention through the Christian era and continue to be vigorously discussed.

Question 5

…in discussing faith and reason there is a sense that, in some fashion, it is good to __(?)_\_. Peter urges believers to be prepared to __(?)_\_ (1 Pet 3:15). This implies __(?)_\_and, hence, seems to endorse, in some fashion, what has been called “__(?)_\_.” [Footnote: See Alvin Plantinga’s massive influential work entitled, __(?)_\_(2000).] While the Christian may not have __(?)_\_ as __(?)_\_, the existence of __(?)_\_ may be expected.

Answer 5

…in discussing faith and reason there is a sense that, in some fashion, it is good to take account of criticism through rational analysis. Peter urges believers to be prepared to present a “reason” or a “defense” to anyone who asks questions regarding some Christian position (1 Pet 3:15). This implies the importance of evidence in relation to belief and, hence, seems to endorse, in some fashion, what has been called “warranted Christian belief.” [Footnote: See Alvin Plantinga’s massive influential work entitled, Warranted Christian Belief (2000).] While the Christian may not have demonstrable proof as warrants for beliefs, the existence of sufficient evidence may be expected.

Question 6

__(?)_\_ has described the relationship between evidence and faith as follows:

God never asks us to believe, without __(?)_\_. His existence, His character, the truthfulness of His word, are all __(?)_\_; and __(?)_\_. Yet God has never removed __(?)_\_. Our faith must rest upon evidence, not demonstration. Those who wish to doubt __(?)_\_; while those who really desire to know the truth __(?)_\_ (SC105).

Answer 6

Ellen White has described the relationship between evidence and faith as follows:

God never asks us to believe, without giving sufficient evidence upon which to base our faith. His existence, His character, the truthfulness of His word, are all established by testimony that appeals to our reason; and this testimony is abundant. Yet God has never removed the possibility of doubt. Our faith must rest upon evidence, not demonstration. Those who wish to doubt will have opportunity; while those who really desire to know the truth will find plenty of evidence on which to rest their faith (SC105).

Question 7

…in discussions of faith and of reason, we also recognize the value of __(?)_\_, experiencing the self-authenticating power of __(?)_\_ upon the mind.

Answer 7

…in discussions of faith and of reason, we also recognize the value of personal faith, experiencing the self-authenticating power of the Holy Spirit upon the mind.

Question 8

The question arises: What is the relationship between reason, faith, and the Holy Spirit? Could the answer be that __(?)_\_? The Holy Spirit __(?)_\_. This __(?)_\_of the reasoning powers respecting __(?)_\_, particularly __(?)_\_. It also endorses __(?)_\_ as __(?)_\_. However, are the human reasoning powers always and fully dependable? This question introduces us to the… discussion of the distinction between __(?)_\_ and __(?)_\_ human reason.

Answer 8

The question arises: What is the relationship between reason, faith, and the Holy Spirit? Could the answer be that these elements are related functionally? The Holy Spirit draws us through the evidence. This amplifies the importance of the reasoning powers respecting evidence, particularly textual evidence. It also endorses the necessary contemporary work of God as leading to truth through the evidence. However, are the human reasoning powers always and fully dependable? This question introduces us to the… discussion of the distinction between unregenerate and regenerate human reason.

Question 9

According to the biblical worldview the human rational power, reason, or mind consistently is characterized as __(?)_\_. Describing the natural rational power as ​__(?)_\_,” Jeremiah claims that it is “​__(?)_\_” (Jer 17:9, NEB). Can this “​__(?)_\_” natural reason that, according to the Word of God, ​__(?)_\_” (Eph 5:3-4, NKJV) and ​__(?)_\_” (Eph 5:8) interpret the Bible correctly? Paul responds as follows to this question: “​__(?)_\_” (1 Cor 2:14, KJV).

Answer 9

According to the biblical worldview the human rational power, reason, or mind consistently is characterized as impacted by sin. Describing the natural rational power as the “heart,” Jeremiah claims that it is “more deceitful than all else and desperately sick” (Jer 17:9, NEB). Can this “sick” natural reason that, according to the Word of God, loves “uncleanness, covetousness” and “foolish talking and jesting” (Eph 5:3-4, NKJV) and other works of “darkness” (Eph 5:8) interpret the Bible correctly? Paul responds as follows to this question: “The natural man, [unchanged reason, or rationality] receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned” (1 Cor 2:14, KJV).

Question 10

Paul admonishes his listeners to “__(?)_\_” (Rom 12:2). This passage seems to suggest that __(?)_\_. Paul equates __(?)_\_with __(?)_\_” (Titus 3:5). Ellen G. White concurs: “__(?)_\_” (RH, Sept. 23, 1884, p. 609).

This raises the question of whether __(?)_\_or __(?)_\_ should hold priority in hermeneutics when apparent conflicts arise between these two contrasting ways of knowing.

The NT, in particular, addresses this issue. Using military metaphorical language, Paul admonishes his hearers to bring “every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ” (2 Cor 10:5, NKJV). The implication is that __(?)_\_. In other words, __(?)_\_.

Placing __(?)_\_above __(?)_\_ in this fashion prepares the Christian to __(?)_\_…

Answer 10

Paul admonishes his listeners to “be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect” (Rom 12:2). This passage seems to suggest that a renewed reason is required for a person to understand properly the will of God. Paul equates the renewing of the mind with the “regeneration by the Holy Spirit” (Titus 3:5). Ellen G. White concurs: “The grace of Christ is needed to refine and purify the mind” (RH, Sept. 23, 1884, p. 609).

This raises the question of whether faith or reason should hold priority in hermeneutics when apparent conflicts arise between these two contrasting ways of knowing.

The NT, in particular, addresses this issue. Using military metaphorical language, Paul admonishes his hearers to bring “every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ” (2 Cor 10:5, NKJV). The implication is that the teachings of Christ, as found in the Scriptures, are to be elevated in authority over competing claims of human reason. In other words, all thoughts, whether geological, philosophical, or theological, will resonate with, and thus be “captive to” the teaching of Christ.

Placing faith above reason in this fashion prepares the Christian to be willing to deny the evidences of the human senses if empirical phenomena appear to dispute some teachings of Scripture…

Question 11

Placing faith above reason… prepares the Christian to be willing to deny the evidences of the human senses if empirical phenomena appear to dispute some teachings of Scripture, e..g, Jesus predicted counterfeit comings of future false Christs (​__(?)_\_). In view of this, __(?)_\_ asks, “Are the people of God now so firmly established upon His word that they would not yield to the evidence of their senses? Would they, in such a crisis, cling to the Bible and the Bible only?” (GC 625).

Answer 11

Placing faith above reason… prepares the Christian to be willing to deny the evidences of the human senses if empirical phenomena appear to dispute some teachings of Scripture, e..g, Jesus predicted counterfeit comings of future false Christs (Matt 24:24-27). In view of this, Ellen White asks, “Are the people of God now so firmly established upon His word that they would not yield to the evidence of their senses? Would they, in such a crisis, cling to the Bible and the Bible only?” (GC 625).

Question 12

While it is important in instances of apparent conflict to place faith in the Bible and its claims above those of secular human reasoning, we may need to confess temporarily and freely __(?)_\_. However, we also may rest by faith on the assurance that __(?)_\_. [Footnote: Cr. Jon Paulien, “The Final Deception: An Evil, Counterfeit Trinity Is Now Making Ready for War,” Adventist Review, Oct. 29, 1998, p. 10.]

Answer 12

While it is important in instances of apparent conflict to place faith in the Bible and its claims above those of secular human reasoning, we may need to confess temporarily and freely our current level of ignorance in finding methods of resolving certain issues. However, we also may rest by faith on the assurance that when God finally reveals all things in the new earth, genuine harmony will be seen in matters that now appear dissonant and irreconcilable. [Footnote: Cr. Jon Paulien, “The Final Deception: An Evil, Counterfeit Trinity Is Now Making Ready for War,” Adventist Review, Oct. 29, 1998, p. 10.]

Question 13

In addition to the impact of sin upon human reason, accepting __(?)_\_highlights reasons why it is difficult, if not impossible, for the natural mind to interpret the Bible correctly. Fallen spiritual powers, Satan and his angles, can __(?)_\_. This is particularly true when __(?)_\_. The attempts of Satan and evil angels to __(?)_\_ cannot be dismissed. We must also consider the positive hermeneutical role of __(?)_\_upon __(?)_\_. While the effect of these forces is easily overemphasized, in hermeneutics we need to __(?)_\_.

Answer 13

In addition to the impact of sin upon human reason, accepting a literal interpretation of Scripture highlights reasons why it is difficult, if not impossible, for the natural mind to interpret the Bible correctly. Fallen spiritual powers, Satan and his angles, can influence the exegete. This is particularly true when the biblical interpreter denies that these fallen supernatural powers exist as real beings, able to influence the mind, and allegorizes them into mere symbols of evil. The attempts of Satan and evil angels to redirect interpretations of the Bible cannot be dismissed. We must also consider the positive hermeneutical role of the holy angels upon humans. While the effect of these forces is easily overemphasized, in hermeneutics we need to be sensitive to the influence of both holy and unholy angels.

Question 14

[On the dangers inherent in biblical interpretation wherein the “interpreter denies that… fallen supernatural powers exist as real beings, able to influence the mind, and allegorizes them into mere symbols of evil,” __(?)_\_ refernences the following:]

See Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, vol. III, part 3: The Doctrine of Creation (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1960), pp. 519-531; Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1951-1957), 1:134, 2:27; Rudolf Bultmann, “New Testament and Mythology,” in Kerygma and Myth: A Theological Debate, ed. Hans Werner Bartsch, trans. Reginald H. Fuller (London: S.P.C.K., 1957), pp. 4-5.

Answer 14

[On the dangers inherent in biblical interpretation wherein the “interpreter denies that… fallen supernatural powers exist as real beings, able to influence the mind, and allegorizes them into mere symbols of evil,” John T. Baldwin refernences the following:]

See Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, vol. III, part 3: The Doctrine of Creation (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1960), pp. 519-531; Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1951-1957), 1:134, 2:27; Rudolf Bultmann, “New Testament and Mythology,” in Kerygma and Myth: A Theological Debate, ed. Hans Werner Bartsch, trans. Reginald H. Fuller (London: S.P.C.K., 1957), pp. 4-5.

Question 15

In some biblical passages angels are commissioned to __(?)_\_. A classic example is recorded in Daniel 8 in which __(?)_\_” (Dan 8:16). In the following chapter Daniel asks for further assistance and __(?)_\_; Gabriel tells him, “__(?)_\_” (Dan 9:22-23).

Answer 15

In some biblical passages angels are commissioned to work with specific individuals in understanding the Word of God. A classic example is recorded in Daniel 8 in which Gabriel is sent to “give this man [Daniel] understanding of the vision” (Dan 8:16). In the following chapter Daniel asks for further assistance and receives it; Gabriel tells him, “I have now come forth to give you insight with understanding… give heed to the message and gain understanding of the vision” (Dan 9:22-23).

Question 16

In some biblical passages angels are commissioned to __(?)_\_…

Angelic assistance in hermeneutics appears… in the NT. Speaking to Mary and to the other women at the empty tomb, an angel says, “__(?)_\_” (Luke 24:6-7). Here an angel not only helps them __(?)_\_ but assists them __(?)_\_.

Answer 16

In some biblical passages angels are commissioned to work with specific individuals in understanding the Word of God…

Angelic assistance in hermeneutics appears… in the NT. Speaking to Mary and to the other women at the empty tomb, an angel says, “Remember how He spoke to you… that the Son of Man must… be crucified and the third day rise again” (Luke 24:6-7). Here an angel not only helps them remember the words of Jesus but assists them to understand the true meaning of Christ’s words.

Question 17

Do angels give the same kind of assistance today [as that which is Scripturally indicated] through their ability to impress human minds? Mrs. White wrote, “__(?)_\_” (ST, Sept. 18, 1893, p. 6). More specifically, she states that, “__(?)_\_” (GC 599).

Answer 17

Do angels give the same kind of assistance today [as that which is Scripturally indicated] through their ability to impress human minds? Mrs. White wrote, “If you come to the study of the Scriptures in humility, with earnest prayer for guidance, angels of God will open to you its living realities” (ST, Sept. 18, 1893, p. 6). More specifically, she states that, “Angels are round about those who are willing to be taught in divine things; and in the time of great necessity they will bring to their remembrance the very truths which are needed” (GC 599).

Question 18

Ellen White… shares remarkable insights of the hermeneutical influence of heavenly angels in post-apostolic times. When __(?)_\_discovered a whole Latin Bible in the library of the university, she states: “Angels of heaven were by his side, and rays of light from the throne of God revealed the treasures of truth to his understanding” (GC 122). Concerning __(?)_\_ we are told that “God sent His angel to move upon the heart of a farmer who had not believed the Bible, to lead him to search the prophecies. Angels of God repeatedly visited that chosen one, to guide his mind and open to his understanding prophecies which had ever been dark to God’s people” (EW 229).

Answer 18

Ellen White… shares remarkable insights of the hermeneutical influence of heavenly angels in post-apostolic times. When Luther discovered a whole Latin Bible in the library of the university, she states: “Angels of heaven were by his side, and rays of light from the throne of God revealed the treasures of truth to his understanding” (GC 122). Concerning William Miller we are told that “God sent His angel to move upon the heart of a farmer who had not believed the Bible, to lead him to search the prophecies. Angels of God repeatedly visited that chosen one, to guide his mind and open to his understanding prophecies which had ever been dark to God’s people” (EW 229).

Question 19

Using warfare imagery, Paul offers a broad comment regarding the impact upon humans of which Satan is capable: “__(?)_\_” (Eph 6:12). Later, Paul unpacks some of the specific consequences of the warfare: “__(?)_\_” (1 Tim 4:1). This statement indicates that __(?)_\_, and implies that __(?)_\_. Commenting on this theme and passage, Merrill Unger, whose doctoral dissertation examined biblical demonology, states: “Paul traces error to its real source in __(?)_\_, rather than in __(?)_\_.” [Footnote: Merrill F. Unger, Biblical Demonology (Wheaton, IL: Van Kampen Press, Inc., 1953), p. 166.]

Answer 19

Using warfare imagery, Paul offers a broad comment regarding the impact upon humans of which Satan is capable: “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places” (Eph 6:12). Later, Paul unpacks some of the specific consequences of the warfare: “But the Spirit explicitly says, that in later times some will fall away from the faith, paying attention to deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons” (1 Tim 4:1). This statement indicates that fallen angels have the power to seduce human reason, and implies that they have power to originate doctrines ultimately contrary to the Word of God. Commenting on this theme and passage, Merrill Unger, whose doctoral dissertation examined biblical demonology, states: “Paul traces error to its real source in satanic and demonic activity, rather than in the human agent.” [Footnote: Merrill F. Unger, Biblical Demonology (Wheaton, IL: Van Kampen Press, Inc., 1953), p. 166.]

Question 20

__(?)_\_plays a role in human misinterpretation of the Word of God. Paul seems to infer this conclusion in the following passage: “And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, in whose case __(?)_\_ has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that they might not see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ” (2 Cor 4:3-4).

Answer 20

Satan himself plays a role in human misinterpretation of the Word of God. Paul seems to infer this conclusion in the following passage: “And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, in whose case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that they might not see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ” (2 Cor 4:3-4).

Question 21

Satan possesses fatal hermeneutical capabilities respecting the reasoning power of the biblical interpreter. This truth should strike a note of caution in the mind of an interpreter of the Word of God. In this same context, Ellen White’s comment is revealing:

When the word of God is opened without __(?)_\_and without __(?)_\_; when the thoughts and affections __(?)_\_, the mind is __(?)_\_; and in the very study of the Bible, __(?)_\_. The enemy __(?)_\_, and he __(?)_\_ (GC 704-705).

Answer 21

Satan possesses fatal hermeneutical capabilities respecting the reasoning power of the biblical interpreter. This truth should strike a note of caution in the mind of an interpreter of the Word of God. In this same context, Ellen White’s comment is revealing:

When the word of God is opened without reverence and without prayer; when the thoughts and affections are not fixed upon God or in harmony with His will, the mind is clouded with doubt; and in the very study of the Bible, skepticism strengthens. The enemy takes control of the thoughts, and he suggests interpretations that are not correct (GC 704-705).

Question 22

Demonic supernatural ability to stir up human minds in order to produce improper expositions of the Word of God represents a challenge indeed. If both good and evil angels can influence human minds (but their identity is not revealed), how can one be sure about the validity of a resulting scriptural interpretation? In response, the following statement by Ellen White provides important clues: “Those who turn from __(?)_\_and __(?)_\_ are inviting the control of demons” (DA 258). Expanding upon this theme, Ellen White offers the key to distinguishing the source of the supernatural hermeneutical influence:

We should not engage in the study of the Bible with that __(?)_\_with which so many enter the domains of science, but with __(?)_\_, and __(?)_\_. We must come with __(?)_\_ to __(?)_\_. Otherwise, __(?)_\_ (4SP 417).

Answer 22

Demonic supernatural ability to stir up human minds in order to produce improper expositions of the Word of God represents a challenge indeed. If both good and evil angels can influence human minds (but their identity is not revealed), how can one be sure about the validity of a resulting scriptural interpretation? In response, the following statement by Ellen White provides important clues: “Those who turn from the plain teaching of Scripture and the convicting power of God’s Holy Spirit are inviting the control of demons” (DA 258). Expanding upon this theme, Ellen White offers the key to distinguishing the source of the supernatural hermeneutical influence:

We should not engage in the study of the Bible with that self-reliance with which so many enter the domains of science, but with a prayerful dependence upon God, and a sincere desire to learn his will. We must come with a humble and teachable spirit to obtain knowledge form the great I AM. Otherwise, evil angels will so blind our minds and harden our hearts that we shall not be impressed by the truth (4SP 417).

Question 23

…rational beings may exercise their free will to adopt a humble, teachable, and prayerful spirit, wholly dependent upon God, and so avoid __(?)_\_. White develops this encouraging truth as follows:

The spirit in which you come to the investigation of the Scriptures will __(?)_\_. __(?)_\_ will be with those who in humility of heart seek for divine guidance. But if the Bible is opened with irreverence, with a feeling of self-sufficiency, if the heart is filled with prejudice, __(?)_\_, and __(?)_\_ (TM 108).

Answer 23

…rational beings may exercise their free will to adopt a humble, teachable, and prayerful spirit, wholly dependent upon God, and so avoid demonic hermeneutical influence. White develops this encouraging truth as follows:

The spirit in which you come to the investigation of the Scriptures will determine the character of the assistant at your side. Angels from the world of light will be with those who in humility of heart seek for divine guidance. But if the Bible is opened with irreverence, with a feeling of self-sufficiency, if the heart is filled with prejudice, Satan is beside you, and he will set the plain statements of God’s word in a perverted light (TM 108).

Question 24

The familiar words of Jesus that “when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all the truth” (__(?)_\_) place __(?)_\_ in basic charge of the hermeneutical process. Moreover, His words also promise that the interpreter will be rewarded with the understanding of the truth sought. If one is to discover truth, the ultimate cause will be __(?)_\_.

In addition, the guidance is __(?)_\_because __(?)_\_. This suggests the value of __(?)_\_regarding the nature and discovery of truth. In other words, __(?)_\_. This can guard against __(?)_\_.

Answer 24

The familiar words of Jesus that “when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all the truth” (John 16:13) place the Holy Spirit in basic charge of the hermeneutical process. Moreover, His words also promise that the interpreter will be rewarded with the understanding of the truth sought. If one is to discover truth, the ultimate cause will be the action of the Holy Spirit.

In addition, the guidance is common to all because the word “you” in this text is plural. This suggests the value of community checks and balances regarding the nature and discovery of truth. In other words, the Spirit of truth guides a community of believers into complementary, not contradictory, understandings of a particular truth. This can guard against the unwarranted absolutization of a charismatic individual in hermeneutics.

Question 25

Biblical searching through regenerate reason, as displayed by the Bereans, indicates that hermeneutical work involves a process characterized as “examining the Scripture… whether these things were so” (Acts 17:11). This suggests a thematic comparative investigation of various biblical passages in order to discover biblical teaching regarding a specific point in question. One text sheds light upon another, suggesting not only _\_\_(?)\_\__but that _​\_\_(?)\_\__. Consequently, Scripture is not to be _​\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 25

Biblical searching through regenerate reason, as displayed by the Bereans, indicates that hermeneutical work involves a process characterized as “examining the Scripture… whether these things were so” (Acts 17:11). This suggests a thematic comparative investigation of various biblical passages in order to discover biblical teaching regarding a specific point in question. One text sheds light upon another, suggesting not only **the unity of Scripture** but that **the Scripture is its own interpreter.** Consequently, Scripture is not to be **subjected to an alleged higher authority such as human tradition or human reason.**

Question 26

It is precisely in the searching process of comparing one scripture with another that the Holy Spirit plays an important role outlined by Ellen G. White: “It is the Holy Spirit’s office to _\_\_(?)\_\__and _\_\_(?)\_\__” (1888 Materials, 4:1538). This being the case, it means that the most intense human endeavors to interpret the Scriptures properly will, in the words of Ellen White, “_\_\_(?)\_\__. ‘Not by _\_\_(?)\_\__, nor by _\_\_(?)\_\__, but by _\_\_(?)\_\__, saith the Lord of hosts’ [Zech 4:6]” (4MR 310). This shows that _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 26

It is precisely in the searching process of comparing one scripture with another that the Holy Spirit plays an important role outlined by Ellen G. White: “It is the Holy Spirit’s office to **direct this search** and **to reward it”** (1888 Materials, 4:1538). This being the case, it means that the most intense human endeavors to interpret the Scriptures properly will, in the words of Ellen White, **“prove an entire failure unless the Lord Himself should by His divine power combine with the human agency.** ‘Not by **might**, nor by **power**, but by **My Spirit,** saith the Lord of hosts’ [Zech 4:6]” (4MR 310). This shows that **the human process of comparing scripture with scripture should be guided by the Holy Spirit.**

Question 27

The biblical interpreter must become _\_\_(?)\_\__to understand _\_\_(?)\_\__. In Paul’s words, “we have received… _\_\_(?)\_\__… that we might _\_\_(?)\_\__” (1 Cor 2:12). In other words, the biblical interpreter needs to “_\_\_(?)\_\__” (John 3:6), otherwise the “_\_\_(?)\_\__” will forever remain, hermeneutically, foolishness to the natural, sinful mind (_\_\_(?)\_\__). This means that _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 27

The biblical interpreter must become **a child of the Spirit** to understand **the things of the Spirit.** In Paul’s words, “we have received… **the Spirit…** that we might **know the things freely given to us by God”** (1 Cor 2:12). In other words, the biblical interpreter needs to **“be born of the Spirit”** (John 3:6), otherwise the **“things of the Spirit”** will forever remain, hermeneutically, foolishness to the natural, sinful mind (**1 Cor 2:14**). This means that **it is through the work of the Spirit that God prepares one’s mind for biblical interpretation.**

Question 28

Paul’s words, “For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body” (1 Cor 12:13), may indicate that the concept of being “born of the Spirit” (John 3:8) can be qualitatively compared to the concept of being “baptized with the Holy Spirit” (Acts 1:5). If so, the biblical interpreter would do well to _\_\_(?)\_\__and to _​\_\_(?)\_\__, thereby _​\_\_(?)\_\__. This preparation by the Holy Spirit is described by Paul as _​\_\_(?)\_\__.”

Answer 28

Paul’s words, “For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body” (1 Cor 12:13), may indicate that the concept of being “born of the Spirit” (John 3:8) can be qualitatively compared to the concept of being “baptized with the Holy Spirit” (Acts 1:5). If so, the biblical interpreter would do well to **ask in faith** and to **receive the baptism of the Holy Spirit,** thereby **to be prepared intellectually, morally, and emotionally to interpret the Word of God.** This preparation by the Holy Spirit is described by Paul as **the transformation of the interpreter’s mind from a “fleshly mind” to the “mind of Christ.”**

Question 29

A core hermeneutical passage in the whole of Scripture is found in Philippians 2:5. Here Paul urges individuals to “_\_\_(?)\_\__” (KJV). In this passage the word for “mind” in the Greek is *phroneo*, meaning, “to think, reflect,” or “set one’s mind.” Paul indicates that he has “_\_\_(?)\_\__” (1 Cor 2:16). What is hermeneutically significant about having _\_\_(?)\_\__? In North America a well-known and relevant bit of fishing wisdom goes like this: “If you want to catch a fish, you need to think like a fish.” When the necessary adjustments are made, this advice is perfectly fitting for biblical hermeneutics. If one wishes to catch the real meaning of the Word of God or to interpret the Word of God properly, the person needs to _\_\_(?)\_\__. In order to _\_\_(?)\_\__one needs to have _\_\_(?)\_\__. Is this feasible? Reaching out to this stunning goal is precisely the actual human possibility that Paul addresses in the Philippian passage.

Answer 29

A core hermeneutical passage in the whole of Scripture is found in Philippians 2:5. Here Paul urges individuals to **“Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus”** (KJV). In this passage the word for “mind” in the Greek is *phroneo*, meaning, “to think, reflect,” or “set one’s mind.” Paul indicates that he has **“the mind of Christ”** (1 Cor 2:16). What is hermeneutically significant about having **the mind of Christ?** In North America a well-known and relevant bit of fishing wisdom goes like this: “If you want to catch a fish, you need to think like a fish.” When the necessary adjustments are made, this advice is perfectly fitting for biblical hermeneutics. If one wishes to catch the real meaning of the Word of God or to interpret the Word of God properly, the person needs to **think like God.** In order to **think like God** one needs to have **the mind of God.** Is this feasible? Reaching out to this stunning goal is precisely the actual human possibility that Paul addresses in the Philippian passage.

Question 30

Paul contrasts the mind of Christ in human beings with a haughty “fleshly mind” (_\_\_(?)\_\__), also described as a “carnal mind,” or one “set on the flesh” (_\_\_(?)\_\__). Paul indicates that both of these minds are at enmity with God and his law (_\_\_(?)\_\__) and that these types of minds cannot understand the things of the Spirit (_\_\_(?)\_\__). [Footnote: The hermeneutical implications of the biblical teaching regarding the “natural” human mind and the regenerate mind receive insightful treatment in the following article: Frank Hasel, “Theology and the Role of Reason,” *Journal of the Adventist Theological Society* 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1993): 72-198.] In other words, having a “fleshly mind,” or a “carnal mind,” is _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 30

Paul contrasts the mind of Christ in human beings with a haughty “fleshly mind” (**Col 2:18**), also described as a “carnal mind,” or one “set on the flesh” (**Rom 8:7**). Paul indicates that both of these minds are at enmity with God and his law (**Rom 8:7**) and that these types of minds cannot understand the things of the Spirit (**1 Cor 2:14**). [Footnote: The hermeneutical implications of the biblical teaching regarding the “natural” human mind and the regenerate mind receive insightful treatment in the following article: Frank Hasel, “Theology and the Role of Reason,” *Journal of the Adventist Theological Society* 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1993): 72-198.] In other words, having a “fleshly mind,” or a “carnal mind,” is **death to sound hermeneutics.**

Question 31

Given the need for the biblical interpreter to have the mind of Christ in hermeneutics, how is the unregenerate, natural, human “fleshly mind” changed into the “mind of Christ”? Again, Paul opens the way for our thinking on this matter. We should not be _\_\_(?)\_\__, but we ought to be “_\_\_(?)\_\__ (Rom 12:2). How does this _\_\_(?)\_\__occur? In answering this question, Paul _\_\_(?)\_\__ (2 Cor 3:3). According to Paul, _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 31

Given the need for the biblical interpreter to have the mind of Christ in hermeneutics, how is the unregenerate, natural, human “fleshly mind” changed into the “mind of Christ”? Again, Paul opens the way for our thinking on this matter. We should not be **conformed to this world,** but we ought to be **“transformed by the renewing” of our mind** (Rom 12:2). How does this **renewing transformation** occur? In answering this question, Paul **appeals to the work of the Holy Spirit in His new covenant blessing** (2 Cor 3:3). According to Paul, **the Holy Spirit will, upon request by any individual, and through the study of the Scriptures, create the mind of Christ in the believer.**

Question 32

Paul’s discussion of the blinding veil (_\_\_(?)\_\__) has prompted much scholarly comment. For our purposes we note that the basic point is that the contemporary biblical interpreter also faces the challenge of this darkening veil. Paul describes its effect on the Jews of his day, saying, “But their minds [ancient Israelites] were hardened; for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant [in the minds of Jews in Paul’s day] the same veil remains unlifted, because it is removed _\_\_(?)\_\__” (_\_\_(?)\_\__). What caused the change in the understanding of _\_\_(?)\_\__from _\_\_(?)\_\__ to _\_\_(?)\_\__? Paul answers this question: “But whenever a man _\_\_(?)\_\__ the veil is taken away. Now _\_\_(?)\_\__, and where _\_\_(?)\_\__ is, there is _\_\_(?)\_\__” (_\_\_(?)\_\__). This passage attributes the new interpretation squarely to _\_\_(?)\_\__. Thus, Paul seems to be suggesting that _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 32

Paul’s discussion of the blinding veil (**2 Cor 3:14-18**) has prompted much scholarly comment. For our purposes we note that the basic point is that the contemporary biblical interpreter also faces the challenge of this darkening veil. Paul describes its effect on the Jews of his day, saying, “But their minds [ancient Israelites] were hardened; for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant [in the minds of Jews in Paul’s day] the same veil remains unlifted, because it is removed **in Christ”** (**2 Cor 3:14**). What caused the change in the understanding of **Christ** from **temporal king** to **Christ as crucified?** Paul answers this question: “But whenever a man **turns to the Lord** the veil is taken away. Now **the Lord is the Spirit,** and where **the Spirit of the Lord** is, there is **liberty”** (**2 Cor 3:16-17**). This passage attributes the new interpretation squarely to **the mighty work of the Third Person of the Godhead.** Thus, Paul seems to be suggesting that **it is by the work of the Holy Spirit that the sinful, spiritually blind interpreter is enabled to understand the OT as pointing forward to Christ crucified.**

Question 33

Jesus offers a remarkable and encouraging promise regarding the hermeneutical power of the Holy Spirit: “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit,… will... bring to your remembrance all that I said to you” (_\_\_(?)\_\__). What hermeneutical possibilities might these words carry? In light of this passage, the Spirit can bring to the mind of the biblical interpreter explanatory teachings of Jesus found, for instance, in the Sermon on the Mount and in the parables of Jesus. Moreover, if that which the Holy Spirit brings to the mind of a biblical interpreter can be extended to cover _\_\_(?)\_\__, the Holy Spirit has _\_\_(?)\_\__ from which to _\_\_(?)\_\__to _\_\_(?)\_\__. The key insight is that the biblical exegete can know that, _\_\_(?)\_\__. This is a significant, helpful hermeneutical promise showing the need for _\_\_(?)\_\__. It helps to show the spiritual rationale undergirding the truthfulness of the following hermeneutical claim: “We need _\_\_(?)\_\__ if we would have better knowledge of the Word” (11MR 3).

Answer 33

Jesus offers a remarkable and encouraging promise regarding the hermeneutical power of the Holy Spirit: “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit,… will... bring to your remembrance all that I said to you” (**John 14:26**). What hermeneutical possibilities might these words carry? In light of this passage, the Spirit can bring to the mind of the biblical interpreter explanatory teachings of Jesus found, for instance, in the Sermon on the Mount and in the parables of Jesus. Moreover, if that which the Holy Spirit brings to the mind of a biblical interpreter can be extended to cover **the entire corpus of God’s written Word,** the Holy Spirit has **the full range of the Old and of the New Testament** from which to **draw material** to **assist the interpreter.** The key insight is that the biblical exegete can know that, **upon request, the Holy Spirit will bring to mind passages and biblical images that otherwise might not be present.** This is a significant, helpful hermeneutical promise showing the need for **faith in the Holy Spirit.** It helps to show the spiritual rationale undergirding the truthfulness of the following hermeneutical claim: “We need **greater faith** if we would have better knowledge of the Word” (11MR 3).

Question 34

We have seen that the God-given gift of reason is to be _\_\_(?)\_\__and _\_\_(?)\_\__ in the hermeneutical process. _\_\_(?)\_\__is essential to sound biblical interpretation. Reliance on the Holy Spirit _\_\_(?)\_\__. These two realities are _\_\_(?)\_\__, not _\_\_(?)\_\__. Although human reason is fallen, _\_\_(?)\_\__and become thereby _\_\_(?)\_\__. This kind of research aids in _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 34

We have seen that the God-given gift of reason is to be **endorsed strongly** and **engaged rigorously** in the hermeneutical process. **Careful, circumscribed deep thinking and reflection** is essential to sound biblical interpretation. Reliance on the Holy Spirit **must not replace the continuing effort of human rational powers.** These two realities are **complementary,** not **mutually exclusive.** Although human reason is fallen, **it can be sanctified by the Holy Spirit** and become thereby **fitted to search humbly, willingly, and inductively all of the relevant Scriptures regarding a biblical matter.** This kind of research aids in **reducing misinterpretations of Scripture.**

Question 35

The Bible supports the posture of faith seeking understanding as the proper approach to the relationship of _\_\_(?)\_\__and _\_\_(?)\_\__. While _\_\_(?)\_\__and _\_\_(?)\_\__ ideally are complementary in hermeneutics, at times they appear to clash. In such instances the interpreter _\_\_(?)\_\__will _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 35

The Bible supports the posture of faith seeking understanding as the proper approach to the relationship of **faith** and **reason**. While **reason** and **faith** ideally are complementary in hermeneutics, at times they appear to clash. In such instances the interpreter **through faith** will **elevate the teachings of Scripture above the claims of reason.**

Question 36

A great controversy rages over the interpretation of Scripture. In our enlightened age the hermeneutical influence of _\_\_(?)\_\__needs to be acknowledged. _\_\_(?)\_\__ and _\_\_(?)\_\__seek to influence the mind of the interpreter of Scripture while, at the same time, _\_\_(?)\_\__ and _\_\_(?)\_\__ work to counter the heavenly influence.

Answer 36

A great controversy rages over the interpretation of Scripture. In our enlightened age the hermeneutical influence of **spiritual powers** needs to be acknowledged. **Unfallen angels** and **the Holy Spirit** seek to influence the mind of the interpreter of Scripture while, at the same time, **evil angels** and **Satan** work to counter the heavenly influence.

Question 37

The role of the Holy Spirit in hermeneutics is multidimensional in four ways: (1) _\_\_(?)\_\__; (2) _\_\_(?)\_\__; (3) _\_\_(?)\_\__; (4) _\_\_(?)\_\__.

Answer 37

The role of the Holy Spirit in hermeneutics is multidimensional in four ways: (1) **The Holy Spirit guides the hermeneutical process;** (2) **by the baptism of the Holy Spirit, the biblical interpreter is equipped with the mind of Christ and is prepared for the hermeneutical task with a softened, unveiled mind, thereby made responsive to the guidance of the Spirit;** (3) **the Holy Spirit brings biblical truths and images to the mind of the interpreter;** (4) **He illuminates the mind of the interpreter with fresh meaning.**

Question 38

Without the supernatural assistance of the Holy Spirit and heavenly angels, there can be _\_\_(?)\_\__, no matter _​\_\_(?)\_\__. The Spirit who inspired the Bible is _​\_\_(?)\_\__. This conclusion underscores _​\_\_(?)\_\__ (Luke 11:13).

Answer 38

Without the supernatural assistance of the Holy Spirit and heavenly angels, there can be **no proper interpretation of the truths of Scripture,** no matter **how hard one engages the rational powers.** The Spirit who inspired the Bible is **needed for its proper interpretation.** This conclusion underscores **the interpreter’s need to commune constantly with the Holy Spirit, requesting divine illumination and the influence of holy angels in order to understand and to apply properly the treasures in the Old and in the New Testaments** (Luke 11:13).

Question 39

…hermeneutics cannot be done alone. An interpreter of the Scriptures who, like Paul, has _\_\_(?)\_\__and _\_\_(?)\_\__, is subject to _\_\_(?)\_\__and _\_\_(?)\_\__. For such an interpreter the rewards are rich indeed.

Answer 39

…hermeneutics cannot be done alone. An interpreter of the Scriptures who, like Paul, has **the mind of Christ** and **humbly follows a hermeneutical process involving sanctified reason,** is subject to **the influence of holy angels** and **the illuminating guidance of the Holy Spirit.** For such an interpreter the rewards are rich indeed.