Chapter 2: Foundations in Chemistry Flashcards
Atomic structure, isotopes, relative mass and ions
What is common in atoms of the same element?
Atomic Number/ Proton Number
What is an alternative name for Proton Number?
Atomic Number
Define isotope…
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons and different relative atomic masses.
How do isotopes chemical properties vary?
They don’t, having the same electron configuration ensures isotopes react similarly to others of the same element.
How do isotopes physical properties vary?
Boiling point, density, melting point all increase as the atomic mass of an isotope increases.
What are Cations?
Positively charged ions.
What are Anions?
Negatively charged ions.
What is relative atomic mass?
The average mass of an element relative to 1/12th the mass of Carbon-12. Where 1u is approximately the mass of a proton/ neutron.
What is the relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of Carbon-12. Where 1u is approximately the mass of a proton/ neutron.
What are the 4 stages present in a mass spectrometer?
Ionisation, Acceleration, Time of Flight & Detection
What are the x,y axis on a mass spectra?
x- Mass charge ratio (m/z)
y- Relative abundance (sometimes weighted)
What do mass spectra of an elemental sample show?
Abundances where isotopic ions are present.
What are the 2 common isotopes of chlorine and what abundances are therefore shown in a mass spectra?
Cl-35 and Cl-37
m/z abundance: 35, 37, 70, 72, 74
Due to being diatomic
How do you name binary compounds?
Name one element (metal first) the name the other with the suffix -ide. eg: Calcium Nitride
Name all diatomic molecules…
H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂
